Riesz bases of exponentials and sine-type functions (Q1103146)

The aim of the paper is to prove that in some sense the nearness of \(\{\lambda_ n\}\subset {\mathbb{C}}\), \(n\in {\mathbb{Z}}\), to the zeros of a sine-type function is not only sufficient (it was known) but also is necessary condition for \(\{e^{i\lambda_ nx}\}\) to have the Riesz basis property in L 2(0,a). Theorem. Next conditions are equivalent: a) \(\{e^{i\lambda_ nx}\}\) is a Riesz basis in L 2(0,a); b) there exists a sine-type function with zero set \(\{\mu_ n\}\subset {\mathbb{R}}\) such that for some \(d\in (0,1/4)\) \[ (1)\quad dRe(\lambda_{n-1}-\lambda_ n)\leq Re(\mu_ n-\lambda_ n)\leq dRe(\lambda_{n+1}-\lambda_ n),\quad n\in {\mathbb{Z}}. \] Remarks. 1. Condition a) implies \(\sup_{n\in {\mathbb{Z}}}| \lambda_{n+1}-\lambda_ n| <\infty\) (we suppose that Re \(\lambda\) \({}_ n\leq Re \lambda_{n+1})\). 2. Inequalities (1) can be replaced by \(d(\mu_{n-1}-\mu_ n)\leq Re(\lambda_ n-\mu_ n)\leq d(\mu_{n+1}-\mu_ n).\) 3. We can prescribe \(\{\) Im \(\mu\) \({}_ n\}\) in b) (with \(\sup_{n\in {\mathbb{Z}}}| Im \mu_ n| <\infty)\) arbitrarily. 4. \(\{e^{i\lambda_ nx}\}\) is Riesz basis in L 2(0,a) if and only if there exists \(\{\delta_ n\}\subset {\mathbb{R}}\), \(\sup_{n\in {\mathbb{Z}}}| \delta_ n| <1/4\), such that \(| F(x)| \asymp \exp \{\sum_{n\in {\mathcal D}(x)}\delta_ n(1/(x-n)+1/n)\},\) \(x\in {\mathbb{R}}\), where F is a generator function of \((\{\lambda_ n\},a)\), \({\mathcal D}(x)=\{n\in {\mathbb{Z}}:| n| \geq 1,| x-n| \geq 1\}\).