Individual-actualism and three-valued modal logics. II. Natural-deduction formalizations (Q1103608)

This article continues the author's work on first-order, three-valued modal logics designed ; i.e. if T is a countable complete first order theory then \(I(T,\kappa)=2^{\lambda}\) for \(\lambda >\aleph_ 0\) or \(I(T,\kappa)<\omega_ 1(| \alpha +\omega |)\) for all \(\alpha\). In particular, Shelah showed that if T is unsuperstable then \(I(T,\lambda)=2^{\lambda}>\aleph_ 0\) for \(\lambda >\aleph_ 0\). Moreover, he showed that if T has DOP then \(I(T,\lambda)=2^{\lambda}\) for all \(\lambda >\aleph_ 0\) and he showed the same for deep T. Finally, he showed that the main gap holds for \(\omega\)-stable theories [\textit{S. Shelah}, Isr. J. Math. 43, 357-364 (1982; Zbl 0532.03014)]. Using the latter as a prototype, one wants to show that if T is countable, superstable, shallow with NDOP then every model is primary and minimal over a suitably chosen independent \(\omega\)-tree of ``small'' submodels. Since the depth of a shallow superstable theory is less than \(\omega_ 1\) [see \textit{D. Lascar}, J. Symb. Logic 50, 316-330 (1985; Zbl 0582.03016)] using the same techniques outlined by \textit{L. Harrington} and \textit{M. Makkai} [Notre Dame J. Formal Logic 26, 139-177 (1985; Zbl 0589.03015)], we would obtain the main gap. However, there is no guarantee that there are primary models over independent \(\omega\)- trees of models. Hence, we need another dichotomy and we call it OTOP. The negation is called NOTOP and has the consequence that there are primary models over independent \(\omega\)-trees of models. We see that OTOP leads to many models and outline the appropriate decomposition trees to handle the rest of the main gap.