Extraneous multipliers of cyclic difference sets (Q1105608)

\textit{H. B. Mann} [Can. J. Math. 4, 222--226 (1952; Zbl 0046.04301)] has proved that 2 is a multiplier for a cyclic difference set only if \(2\mid n = k-\lambda\), and 3 is a multiplier for a simple cyclic difference set only if \(3\mid n = k-\lambda = k-1\), provided that these cyclic difference sets are not trivial. In this paper, we prove that 3 is a multiplier for a nontrivial cyclic difference set only if \(3\mid n = k-\lambda\) for arbitrary \(\lambda\), and 5 is a multiplier for a non-trivial simple cyclic difference set only if \(5\mid n = k-\lambda = k-1\), as well as a necessary and sufficient condition for a prime to be an extraneous multiplier -- multipliers not dividing \(n=k-\lambda\).