Strengthened maximal function and pointwise convergence in R n, II (Q1106417)

In ibid 11, 243-260 (1981; Zbl 0452.42012)] the author proves theorems intermediate between Lebesgue's differentiation theorem in \({\mathbb{R}}^ n \)and the elementary result \((1/| E_ k|)\int_{E_ k}f\to f(x)\) provided f is bounded and continuous, and \(| E_ k\sim U| /| E_ k| \to 0\) for every neighborhood U of x. The present work extends some of these results to a more general setting. Suppose that \(\mu\) is a non-atomic, \(\sigma\)-finite, regular Borel measure on a space X, and that \({\mathcal B}\) is a family of open sets with \(0<\mu B<\infty\), each \(B\in {\mathcal B}\). Further suppose that \({\mathcal B}\) is a base for the topology on X, and there is a strictly increasing function \(\phi\) on (0,\(\infty)\) such that whenever \(0<\mu E<\infty\), \(0<t<1\), and \(E_ 1=\cup \{B\in {\mathcal B}:t\mu B<\mu (B\cap E)\}\), then \(\mu E_ t\leq \phi (1/t)\mu E.\) Then when f satisfies suitable integrability conditions, except for x in a set of measure zero we have \((1/\mu E_ k)\int_{E_ k}fd\mu \to f(x)\) for all sequences of sets \(\{E_ k\}\) satisfying \(\mu (E_ k\sim U)/\mu E_ k\to 0\) for all neighborhoods U of x and an additional regularity condition. The regularity condition tells how efficiently \(E_ k\) can be approximated by a union of sets in \({\mathcal B}\) containing x. As an example, the case of Lebesgue measure in the plane with \({\mathcal B}\) the collection of rectangles (a,b)\(\times (c,d)\) is considered. In this case, our results apply to functions f whose decreasing rearrangement satisfies \(\int^{1}_{0}(s \log 1/s)^{\theta}f\quad *(s)s^{-1}ds<\infty\) for some \(\theta\) with \(0<\theta <1\). It is shown that the exceptional set may contain points where f is continuous.