On the asymptotic behaviors of the spectrum of quasi-elliptic pseudodifferential operators on \(R^ n\) (Q1109232)

We consider the asymptotic behaviors of the spectrum of pseudo- differential operators on \({\mathbb{R}}^ n\) containing the Schrödinger operator: \[ (0.1)\quad P(x,D)=-\Delta +V(x)\quad where\quad \Delta =\sum^{n}_{i=1}\partial ^ 2/\partial x^ 2_ i. \] If the potential V(x) is a positive \(C^{\infty}\)-function satisfying \(\lim_{| x| \to \infty}V(x)=\infty\), then \(P(x,D)\) is essentially self-adjoint in L 2(\({\mathbb{R}}\) n) and its unique self-adjoint extension P is positively definite and has a compact resolvent in \(L^ 2({\mathbb{R}}^ n)\). Therefore the spectrum of P consists only of eigenvalues of finite multiplicity: \(\lambda_ 1\leq \lambda_ 2\leq...\), \(\lim_{k\to \infty}\lambda_ k=+\infty\) with repetition according to multiplicity. Let \(N_ P(\lambda)\) be the counting function of eigenvalues: \(N_ P(\lambda)=card\{j\); \(\lambda_ j\leq \lambda \}.\) In this paper we extend the result of \textit{B. Helffer} and \textit{D. Robert} [Commun. Partial Differ. Equations 7, 795-882 (1982; Zbl 0501.35081)] on \(N_ P(\lambda)\) for a class of quasi-elliptic pseudodifferential operators containing, in particular, the one on \({\mathbb{R}}^ 2:\) \[ (0.2)\quad P(x,D)=-\Delta +V(x)\quad where\quad V(x)=x^ 2_ 1+x^ 4_ 2+ax^ 3_ 2\quad (\text{a real }>0). \] In order to obtain the asymptotic behavior of \(N_ P(\lambda)\), we may essentially examine the asymptotic behavior of \[ (0.3)\quad I(\mu)=Trace[(2\pi)^{-1}\int e^{itP}{\hat \rho}(t)e^{it\mu} dt]=\sum^{\infty}_{j=1}\rho(\mu-\lambda_ j) \] as \(\mu \to +\infty\), where \(\rho\) is a suitable function belonging to the Schwartz space \({\mathcal S}({\mathbb{R}}^ n)\).