Out-of-phase solutions to a second order linear differential equation with forced oscillation (Q1109939)

A criterion is developed to determine the existence of an out-of-phase solution to a second order linear differential equation \(x''+p(t)x'+q(t)x=f(t).\) This general criterion is somewhat difficult to check, but it follows that if a solution has some easy to check properties, then this solution is out-of-phase. In addition, a general class of examples is given which can be used to obtain easily verifiable criteria for specific types of equations.