Continua that are shape-equivalent but not \(UV^ 1\)-equivalent (Q1116115)

Metrizable spaces X and Y are called \(UV^ k\)-equivalent, \(0\leq k\leq \infty\), if there exist metrizable spaces \(X=X_ 1,X_ 2,...,X_{2n},X_{2n+1}=Y\) and proper \(UV^ k\)-maps \(X_{2i}\to X_{2i\pm 1}\), \(i=1,2,...,n\). \textit{S. C. Ferry} [Lect. Notes Math. 1283, 88-114 (1987; Zbl 0634.55008)] has shown that if X and Y are shape equivalent continua with profinite pro-fundamental group and \(0\leq k<\infty\), then X and Y are \(UV^ k\)-equivalent. In contrast, \textit{S. C. Ferry} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 80, 154-156 (1980; Zbl 0452.57003)] also found a one-dimensional continuum X such that \(ShX=ShS^ 1\) but X is not \(UV^{\infty}\)-equivalent to \(S^ 1\). Nicely complementing Ferry's results, the author establishes the following: If X is a continuum with \(pro\)-\(\pi_ 1(X)\) not profinite, there are uncountably many continua \(X_{\alpha}\), dim \(X_{\alpha}\leq \max (\dim X,3)\), all shape equivalent to X but pairwise \(UV^ 1\)-inequivalent. To establish the \(UV^ 1\)-inequivalence, the notions of \(UV^ k\)-connectedness and \(UV^ k\)-components are introduced and studied.