On the monotonicity of saturation orders of saturated matrix methods (Q1120085)

By C is denoted the space of all real, \(2\pi\)-periodic functions, defined and continuous on \({\mathbb{R}}\), endowed with \(\| f\|:=\sup_{x\in R}| f(x)|\). Let the Fourier series of f, \(f\in C\), be given by \[ f(x)\sim \frac{a_ 0}{2}+\sum^{\infty}_{k=1}(a_ k\cos kx+b_ k\sin kx)=:\sum^{\quad \infty}_{k=0}A_ k(x). \] Using an infinite matrix \(B=(b_{nk})\), \(\sum^{\infty}_{k=0}| b_{nk}| <\infty\), \(n=0,1,...\), there are defined the operators \(\sigma_ n:C\to C\), \(n=0,1,...\), by \((\sigma_ nf)(x)=\sum^{\infty}_{k=0}b_{nk}A_ k(x).\) Let \(T_ m\) denote the set of real trigonometric polynomials of degree \(\leq m\), \(c_ 0\) the set of real-valued nullsequences, and define \(c^+_ 0=\{(s_ n)\in c_ 0| s_ n>0,n=0,1,...\}\). If \(\phi =(\phi_ n)\in c^+_ 0\), then let us denote \(F:=\{f\in C| \| f-\sigma_ nf\| =O(\phi_ n)\) as \(n\to \infty \}\) and consider the statemens: \[ (i)\quad \forall f\in C:(\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{\| f-\sigma_ nf\|}{\phi_ n}=0\Rightarrow f\in T_ m), \] \[ (ii)\quad \forall f\in C:(\liminf_{n\to \infty}\frac{\| f-\sigma_ nf\|}{\phi_ n}=0\Rightarrow f\in T_ m), \] (iii) \(F\setminus T_ m\neq \emptyset\). The matrix \(B=(b_{nk})\) is called saturated relative to \(T_ m\), if there is a \(\phi \in c^+_ 0\) satisfying (i) and (iii). If there is a \(\phi \in c^+_ 0\) satisfying (ii) and (iii), then B is called u- saturated relative to \(T_ m\). The sequence \(\phi\) is a saturation order and F the saturation class of B relative to \(T_ m\). One of the main results, is the following theorem: ``Let \(\phi =(\phi_ n)\in c^+_ 0\) be given. Then (a) \(\phi\) satisfies (i), if and only if (1) \(\forall k\geq m+1:\) \(\liminf_{n\to \infty}(\phi_ n/| 1- b_{nk}|)<\infty;\) (b) \(\phi\) satisfies (ii), if and only if (2) \(\forall k\geq m+1:\) \(\liminf_{n\to \infty}(| 1-b_{nk}| /\phi_ n)>0;\) (c) \(\phi\) satisfies (iii) iff there is \(k_ 0\), \(k_ 0\geq m+1\), such that (3) \(\liminf_{n\to \infty}(\phi_ n/| 1- b_{nk_ 0}|)>0.\)'' Moreover, it is shown that B is saturated (resp. u-saturated) relative to \(T_ m\), if and only if there exists a \(\phi \in c^+_ 0\) satisfying (1) (respectively (2) and (3)).