Stable and pseudo stable near rings (Q1121362)

A right near-ring \((N,+,\cdot)\) is said to be stable if for all \(x\in N\), \(xN=xNx=Nx\) and pseudo-stable (reverse pseudo-stable) if \(aN=bN\) implies \(Na=Nb\) \((Na=Nb\) implies \(aN=bN)\) for all \(a,b\in N\). If there exists a mapping m: \(N\to N\) such that \(a=a\cdot m(a)\cdot a\) for all \(a\in N\), then m is called a mate function for N. If in addition, \(x=f(m(x))\) for each \(x\in N\) and a mate function f, then m is said to be a mutual mate function. Through the use of these functions, the authors are able to characterize the stable and pseudo-stable near-rings. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions in order for stable and pseudo-stable near-rings to be near-fields are established as well as those required for pseudo-stable near-rings to be stable. The article is self-contained and has an adequate number of examples that carefully distinguish the properties which are involved.