On the number of arithmetical operations for finding Fibonacci numbers (Q1123222)

The authors describe two simple algorithms of O(log N) to calculate the Fibonacci numbers \(F_ N\) and \(F_{N+1}\). These are based on well-known quadratic identities giving \(F_{2i}\), \(F_{2i+1}\), \(F_{2i+2}\) in terms of \(F_ i\) and \(F_{i+1}\). The algorithms are defined with 15 and 19 lines of pseudo code.