Density and O-density of Beurling generalized integers (Q1123227)

Let \(P=(p_ k)_{k\in {\mathbb{N}}}\) be a sequence of real numbers satisfying \(1<p_ 1\leq p_ 2\leq...\leq p_ k\to \infty\). P generates a semigroup N under multiplication, called Beurling generalized primes. Arranging the elements of \(N=(n_ k)_{k\in {\mathbb{N}}}\) in ascending order we define in analogy with classical prime number theory \(N(x):=\sum_{n_ k\leq x}1\), \(\pi (x):=\sum_{p_ k\leq x}1\) and \(\Pi (x):=\pi (x)+\frac{1}{2}\pi (x^{1/2})+\frac{1}{3}\pi (x^{1/3})+....\) Many authors studied the behavior for large x of N(x) in dependence of that of \(\pi\) (x) and vice versa, esp. under what conditions on N(x) the `prime number theorem' \(\pi\) (x)\(\sim x/\log x\) holds or how the generalized primes should be distributed to give N(x)\(\sim c\cdot x\) with a constant \(c>0.\) In this note the author gives a sharp result on the latter problem: If \(\Pi (x)=\Pi_ 1(x)+\Pi_ 2(x)\) with \(\Pi_ 1(x)\uparrow\), \(\Pi_ 1(x)\sim x/\log x\) and a certain integral-condition holds, then N(x)\(\sim c\cdot x\). The proof of the theorem uses classical results in analytic number theory, just like Hardy-Littlewood-Karamata Tauberian theory. In the last chapter the author proves an interesting O-type Tauberian theorem which leads to conditions under which in a system of Beurling's generalized primes \(N(x)\ll x\) resp. \(N(x)\gg x\) holds.