Nijenhuis G-manifolds and Lenard bicomplexes: A new approach to KP systems (Q1123460)

A method to extend the theory of recursion operators to two-dimensional integral Hamiltonian systems is presented. One of its main features is the introduction of the structure of a Nijenhuis G-manifold, which gives rise to a two-index family of vector fields called the Lenard bicomplex. Suitably defined hyperplanes of an associative derivation algebra with identity are shown to support such structures. Reduction processes for Nijenhuis G-manifolds and Lenard bicomplexes allow for the application of the method on conveniently chosen hyperplanes to yield the KdV and KP hierarchies. The relationship with the bilocal approach of \textit{B. G. Konopelchenko} [Nonlinear integrable equations (Lect. Notes Phys. 270) (1987; Zbl 0628.35001)], is also established. Item [12] in the bibliography has meantime appeared in [\textit{P. M. Santini} and \textit{A. S. Fokas}; Commun. Math. Phys. 115, 375-419 (1988); cf. also II, ibid., 116, 449-474 (1988)]. Other recently published papers on this subject include \textit{M. Boiti, J. J.-P. Léon} and \textit{F. Pempinelli} [Stud. Appl. Math. 78, No.1, 1-19 (1988; Zbl 0662.35092)], \textit{A. S. Fokas} [ibid. 77, 253-299 (1987; Zbl 0639.35075)], \textit{A. V. Mikhailov, A. B. Shabat} and \textit{R. I. Yamilov} [Usp. Mat. Nauk 42, No.4, 1-63 (1987; Zbl 0646.35010)] and \textit{B. A. Kupershmidt} [Physica D 27, 294-310 (1987; Zbl 0643.35102)]. The vanishing of the Nijenhuis tensor has recently been shown to be a sufficient condition for the integrability of models with two symplectic structures. Cf. \textit{A. Das} and \textit{S. Okubo} [A systematic study of the Toda lattice, Ann. Phys. 190, 215-232 (1989)]. (That paper and the work being reviewed have disjoint bibliographies.) The authors have kindly informed this reviewer that preprints [6], [9] and [10] have been published in the meantime; cf. \textit{F. Magri, C. Morosi} and \textit{G. Tondo} [On the relation between the bicomplex and the bilocal formalism for KP systems, in Nonlinear evolution, World Scientific, Singapore, 231-244 (1988)], \textit{A. S. Fokas} and \textit{P. M. Santini} [J. Math. Phys. 29, No.3, 604-617 (1988)] and \textit{M. Boiti, J. J.-P. Léon, L. Martina} and \textit{F. Pempinelli} [On the recursion operator for the KP hierarchy in two and three spatial dimensions, Phys. Lett. A 123, 340-344 (1987)]. Cf. also \textit{F. Magri, C. Morosi} and \textit{G. Tondo} [The geometry of the soliton equations, in ``Symmetries and nonlinear phenomena'', World Scientific, Singapore, 146-187 (1988)] and \textit{C. Morosi} and \textit{G. Tondo} [Commun. Math. Phys. 122, No.1, 91-103 (1989)].