The prime-to-adjoint principle and unobstructed Galois deformations in the Borel case (Q1125377)

Let \(E\) be a totally real number field with absolute Galois group \(G_E\), \(Q\) a finite set of places in \(E\), and let the representation \(\overline\rho:G_E\rightarrow \text{ GL}_2({\mathbb F}_p)\) be unramified outside \(Q\). There is a universal deformation ring \(R_Q\) parametrizing all deformations of \(\overline\rho\) through complete local Noetherian rings with residue field \({\mathbb F}_p\). If \(Q\) consists of the places above \(p\) and \(\infty\), the authors formulate some conditions in terms of \(Q\)-class groups which implies -- via vanishing of some Shafarevich group -- that \(R_Q\) is free of dimension \(2[E:{\mathbb Q}]+1.\) They then derive a new formulation of Vandiver's conjecture. They also give more general conditions implying the vanishing of the relevant Shafarevich group and discuss refinements of the theory as well as examples coming from reducible actions of \(G_{\mathbb Q}\) on the \(p\)-torsion of elliptic curves over the rationals.