An analog of the trace formula for orthogonal polynomials with asymptotically \(N\)-periodic recurrence coefficients \((N=2)\) (Q1125594)

Let \(\mu\) be a probability measure on a compact set on the real line. Let \(\{p_n\}_1^{\infty}\) be a sequence of polynomials \(p_n(x)=k_nx^n+\cdots \), \(k_n>0\), orthonormal with respect to the measure \(\mu\). These polynomials satisfy a recurrence relation \(xp_n(x)=a_{n+1}p_{n+1}(x) +b_np_n(x)+a_np_{n-1}(x)\) with the initial conditions \(p_{-1}(x)=0\), \(p_0(x)=1\), \(a_0=0\), and recurrence coefficients \(a_{n+1}=k_n/k_{n+1}>0\), and \(b_n\in {\mathbb{R}}\). The following trace formula theorem establishes the connection between the Jacobi matrices \(J\) (consisting of recurrence coefficients \(\{a_n\}_1^{\infty}\) and \(\{b_n\}_1^{\infty}\)) and their spectral measures [cf. \textit{W. Van Assche}, Proc. NATO ASI, Colombus/OH (USA) 1989, NATO ASI Ser. C 294, 435-462 (1990; Zbl 0697.42023)]: If \(\text{Supp} (\mu) =[-1, 1]\) and the recursion coefficients \(\{a_n\}\) and \(\{b_n\}\) satisfy the conditions \(\lim_{n\to\infty}a_n=1/2\), \(\lim_{n\to\infty}b_n=0\), and \(\sum_0^{\infty}(|a_{n+1}-a_n|+|b_{n+1}-b_n|)<\infty\), then the equality \[ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left( (a^2_{n+1}-a^2_n)p^2_n(x)+a_n(b_n-b_{n-1})p_{n-1}(x)p_n(x)\right)=\sqrt{1-x^2}(2\pi \cdot\mu'(x))^{-1} \] holds uniformly on all compact sets in \((-1,1)\). In addition, the measure \(\mu\) is absolutely continuous in \((-1,1)\), \(\mu'(x)>0\) for all \(x\in (-1,1)\), and \(\mu'\) is continuous in \((-1,1)\). Given two periodic sequences \(\{a^0_n\}\) \((a^0_n>0)\) and \(\{b^0_n\}\), \(n=1,2,\dots\), with period \(N\geq 1\), the Jacobi matrix \(J\) is called asymptotically \(N\)-periodic if \(\lim_{n\to\infty}(|a_n-a_n^0|+|b_n-b_n^0|)=0\). The author extends the trace formula to asymptotically \(2\)-periodic Jacobi matrices. This result is based on the representation of the Féjer kernel for the system. Several examples are also considered.