Deforming an even representation (Q1127753)

Let\(G_{\mathbb{Q}}= \text{Gal} (\overline {\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\). The author gives an example of an even surjective representation \(\overline{\rho}: G_{\mathbb{Q}}\to \text{SL}_2 (\mathbb{F}_3)\) that lifts to a surjective representation \(\rho: G_{\mathbb{Q}}\to \text{SL}_2 (\mathbb{Z}_3)\) which is unramified outside a finite set of places (Theorem 1). To lift the explicitly constructed \(\overline{\rho}\) nontrivially to \(\text{SL}_2 (\mathbb{Z}_3)\) he studies the cohomology of \(\text{Ad}^0 \overline{\rho}\) (Proposition 2), and uses this information to understand the deformation theory of \(\overline{\rho}\) (Theorem 2). The situation here differs from the one for \(\overline{\rho}\) odd, where much work has been done [see \textit{F. Diamond}, ``The refined conjecture of Serre'', in: Elliptic curves, modular forms and Fermat's last theorem, J. Coates and S. T. Yau (eds), Ser. Number theory 1, 22-37 (1995; Zbl 0853.11031)]. In particular, it seems difficult to produce analogous examples for \(\text{SL}_2 (\mathbb{F}_p)\), \(p\geq 5\).