Some remarks on time-dependent evolution systems in the hyperbolic case (Q1174521)

The paper studies the regularity of the evolution operator for the time- dependent Cauchy problem: \[ u'=A(t)u(t)+f(t),\quad t\in]s,T],\quad u(s)=x,\tag{1} \] where \(\{A(t)\}_{t\in[0,T]}\) is a family of linear operators with domain \(D(t)\) in a given Banach space \(X\). If one defines the following operator: \[ D(\gamma_ 0)=W^{1,p}([0,T];X)\cap D(A),\quad \gamma_ 0u=(u'-Au,u(0))\in L^ p([0,T];X)\times X; \] then (1) becomes (P) \(\gamma u=(f,x)\in L^ p([0,T];X)\times X\); with \(D(A)=\{u\in L^ p([0,T];X):u(t)\in D(t)\text{ a.e. and } t\to A(t)\in L^ p([0,T];X)\},\;Au(t)=A(t)u(t).\) The following assumptions are made: \(\text{(J}_ 0)\) \(X\) is reflexive and let \(Y\) being densely and continuously imbedded in \(X\). \(\text{(J}_ 1)\) There exists a \(\omega\in\mathbb{R}\) such that i) \(\rho(A(t))\supset(\omega,+\infty)\), \(t\in[0,T)\); ii) \(\forall\lambda> \omega\), \(\forall x\in X\), \(t\to R(\lambda,A(t)x)\) is measurable in \(X\) (i.e. \(\{A(t)\}_{t\in[0,T]}\) is \(\omega\)-measurable in \(X)\); iii) there exists a \(M>0\) such that \(\| R(\lambda,A(t_ k))\;R(\lambda,A(t_{k-1}))\dots R(\lambda,A(t_ 1))\|\leq M(\lambda-\omega)^{-1}\) for \(\lambda>\omega\) and for every finite sequence \(0\leq t_ 1\leq t_ 2\leq\cdots\leq t_ k\leq\cdots\leq T\). (i.e. \(\{A(t)\}_{t\in[0,T]}\) is \(\omega\)-stable in \(X)\). \(\text{(J}_ 2)\) \(D(t)\supset Y\), \(A(t)\in BL(Y;X)\), \(\| A(t)\|\leq\alpha\in\mathbb{R}_ +\forall t\in[0,T]\). \(\text{(J}_ 3)\) The family \(\{A_ Y(t)\}\) of the parts of \(\{A(t)\}_{t\in[0,T]}\) in \(Y\) is \(\omega^*\)-measurable and \((M^*,\omega^*)\)-stable in \(Y\). The family \(\{A(t)\}_{t\in[0,T]}\) is said to be reversible if both \(\{A(t)\}_{t\in[0,T]}\) and \(\{\overline A(t)=-A(T-t)\}_{t\in[0,T]}\) satisfy conditions \(\text{(J}_ 1)\), \(\text{(J}_ 2)\) and \(\text{(J}_ 3)\). Let \(G(t,s)\) the evolution operator, such that \(G(t,s)x\) gives the solution of (P), the main result of the paper is the following: Theorem: Assume \(\text{(J}_ 0)-\text{(J}_ 3)\) hold with \(M^*=1\) and \(Y\) uniformly convex and let \(y\in Y\). Then there exists a zero measure set \(N\subset[0,T]\), such that, for \(t\in (0,T]\), i) for each \(s\) in \([0,t)\backslash N\) there exists \(D^ +_ sG(t,s)y=-G(t,s)A(s)y\) and for each \(s\) in \((0,t]\backslash N\) there exists \(D^ -_ sG(t,s)y=- G(t,s)A(s)y\), ii) if \(t\in A(t)\) is continuous \(BL(Y,X)\)-valued map, then \(N=\emptyset\).