Cyclic modules whose quotients have all complement submodules direct summands (Q1176667)

This is a very interesting paper for all those who are interested in structure of rings all of whose cyclic modules, or a certain subfamily of a class of cyclic modules have one of the properties, like injectivity, quasi-injectivity, continuity, etc. \textit{B. Osofsky} pioneered this study in 1964 in her paper [Pac. J. Math. 14, 645-650 (1964; Zbl 0145.26601)], where she showed that rings over which cyclics are injective must be semisimple artinian. Later on, questions regarding the structure of rings over which a certain class of cyclic modules, say proper cyclic, singular, non-singular etc. are injective, projective, quasi-injective, continuous, or quasi-continuous (\(=\pi\)-injective) were considered by many authors -- Ahsan, Damiano, Faith, Goel, Goodearl, Jain, Koehler, Levy, Mohamed, Smith, Singh and others. (See, for example the list of references contained in \textit{S. Mohamed} and \textit{B. Mueller} [Continuous and Discrete Modules, Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 147 (1990; Zbl 0701.16001)] and also \textit{S. K. Jain} [Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 25, 143-160 (1977; Zbl 0351.16020)].) The object of this paper is to prove the following theorem, whence a number of well known results follow as a consequence. A module \(M\) is called a \(CS\) module if each submodule is essential in a direct summand (equivalently each closed (= complement) submodule is a summand). Since modules with any one of the properties, namely, injectivity, quasi-injectivity, continuity, quasi-continuity \((\pi\)-injectivity) are \(CS\), the theorem of Osofsky-Smith provides a big step forward towards characterizing rings over which a class of cyclic modules are injective, quasi-injective etc. Theorem: Let \(M\) be a cyclic module such that each quotient of a cyclic submodule of \(M\) is \(CS\). Then \(M\) is a finite direct sum of uniform submodules. A sample corollary is the following result: If every cyclic right \(R\)-module is quasi-continuous (\(=\pi\)-injective) then \(R=\prod R_ i\), where \(R_ i\) is simple artinian or right uniform. A complete characterization of such rings is open. There are other interesting open questions too mentioned in the paper. Incidently the paper by \textit{S. Mohamed} and the reviewer [in J. Indian Math. Soc., New Ser. 42, 197-202 (1978; Zbl 0472.16009)], gives the structure of any ring, not necessarily semi- perfect, over which cyclic modules are continuous. These results were later generalized by \textit{B. Mueller}, \textit{H. Saleh} and the reviewer [in Arch. Math. 37, 140-143 (1981; Zbl 0481.16005) and Arch. Math. 48, 109-115 (1987; Zbl 0627.16017)].