Closed-form solutions for boundary value coupled differential and difference systems (Q1176799)

The aim of this paper is to study solvability conditions and closed-form solutions of high-order multipoint BVPs defined by the system \(x^{(p)}(t)+A_{p-1}x^{(p-1)}(t)+\dots+A_ 0(t)=f(t)\), where \(A_ i\), for \(0\leq i\leq p-1\), are matrices in \({\mathbb{C}}_{r\times r}\), \(x(t)\) are in \({\mathbb{C}}_{r\times 1}\) and \(f\) is continuous, together with the mixed boundary conditions \(\sum^ p_{i,j=1}E_{ijk}x^{(i-1)}(a_ j)=G_ k\), \(0\leq a_ 1\leq a_ 2\leq\dots\leq a_ p\leq a\), \(0\leq t\leq a\), \(E_{ijk}\in{\mathbb{C}}_{r\times r}\), \(G_ k\in{\mathbb{C}}_{r\times 1}\), \(1\leq i\), \(j\leq p\), \(1\leq k\leq q\). When one wishes to solve approximately BVPs related to the system of differential equations, it is natural to solve boundary value difference systems of the type \(y_{p+n}+A_{p-1}y_{p+n-1}+\dots+A_ 0y_ n=b_ n\), \(B_{iw}y_ w+B_{i,w-1}y_{w-1}+\dots+B_{i0}y_ 0=r_ i\), \(1\leq i\leq m\), \(n\geq 0\), where \(A_ h\), \(B_{i,q}\) for \(0\leq h\leq p-1\), \(0\leq q\leq w\), are matrices in \({\mathbb{C}}_{r\times r}\) and \(b_ n\), \(r_ i\) and \(y_{n+p}\) are vectors in \({\mathbb{C}}_{r\times 1}\). The author's approach is based on the concept of rectangular co-solution of the algebraic matrix equation \(Z^ p+A_{p-1}Z^{p-1}+\dots+A_ 0=0\), that generalizes the concept of co-solution recently introduced in his paper [Appl. Math. Lett. 1, No. 2, 147-150 (1988; Zbl 0645.34013)].