Dichotomy of the spectrum of non-self-adjoint operators (Q1177444)

Let \(H\) be a complex Hilbert space. Let \(A\) be an operator for which \(A: D(A)\subset H\to H\) and \(iA\) is selfadjoint. Let \(B\) be an invertible bounded linear operator on \(H\). Let \(\kappa(B)=\kappa_ +(B)+\kappa_ - (B)\), \(\kappa_ 0(B)=\min\{\kappa_ -(B),\kappa_ +(B)\}\), where \(\kappa_ \pm(B)=\text{dist}(\sigma_ \pm,i\mathbb{R})\), \(\sigma_ +(\sigma_ -)\) is the set of numbers in the spectrum of \(B\) with positive (negative) real part. The author proves that if \(\| AB- BA\|<\kappa_ 0(B)\kappa(B)\), then the spectrum of the operator \(L=A- B\) admits a dichotomy (i.e., does not intersect the imaginary axis) and for any real number \(\lambda\) it is true that \[ \|(L-i\lambda I)^{- 1}\|\leq\kappa(B)[\kappa_ 0(B)\kappa(B)-\| AB-BA\|]^{-1}. \] Similar results are proved using the norms \(\|[B,AB-BA]\|\) and \(\|\text{ad}_ B^ n(AB-BA)\|\), where \(\text{ad}_ B X=BX-XB\). The utility of the above results in comparison with previous work is that the operator \(A\) need not be bounded. In particular, the results are applied to \(A=d/dt\), where \(H\) is the Hilbert space of norm square integrable functions on the real numbers to a Hilbert space \(H\) and \(B\) is the operator of multiplication by a bounded continuous function \(Q(t)\) on the real numbers to the bounded linear operators on \(H\).