Isoperimetric bound for \(\lambda{}_ 3 /\lambda{}_ 2\) for the membrane problem (Q1179167)

\(\lambda_ 1,\lambda_ 2,\ldots\),\ \ \(0<\lambda_ 1<\lambda_ 2\leq\lambda_ 3\leq\ldots\), are the consecutive eigenvalues of the following problem: \(-\Delta u=\lambda u\) in \(\Omega\), \(u=0\) on \(\partial\Omega\), where \(\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^ n\) is a bounded domain. The authors give and prove the optimal bound for \(\lambda_ 3/\lambda_ 2\). The eigenvalues are characterized by the Rayleigh-Ritz minimum problem in suitable Sobolev spaces.