Notes on Brown-McCoy-radicals for \(\Gamma\)-near-rings (Q1180744)

The Brown-McCoy radical \(\beta\) is defined to be the upper radical determined by the class of simple \(\Gamma\)-near-rings with strong left unity, while the simplicial radical \(S\) is defined to be the upper radical determined by the class of simple \(\Gamma\)-near-rings with left and right unities. These classes are shown to be special ideal hereditary radicals in the variety of zerosymmetric \(\Gamma\)-near-rings. Let \(\mathcal G\) be the Brown-McCoy radical for zerosymmetric near-rings and for a \(\Gamma\)-near-ring \(M\) let \(L\) be its left operator near-ring. The author shows that for an arbitrary zerosymmetric \(\Gamma\)-near-ring \(M\), \({\mathcal G}(L)^ +\subseteq\beta(M)\), with equality if \(M\) has a strong left unity. Similar results are obtained for the Brown-McCoy and simplicial radicals in the variety of arbitrary \(\Gamma\)-near-rings.