Construction of new transformations for lacunary power series based on the Cauchy-type approximants (Q1182427)

The paper deals with the transformation of power series \(\sum a(i)z^ i\) \((0\leq i\leq \infty)\) that are lacunary in the sense that with \(p,q\in\mathbb{N}\), \(p>0\) and \(0\leq q<p\) fixed, there exists an \(N\geq 0\) with \(a(n)=0\) for all \(n\geq N\) such that \(n\neq q\bmod p\). It is assumed that the successive partial sums \(F(n\mid z)=\sum a(i)z^ i\) \((0\leq i\leq n)\) converge to \(f(z)\) for certain \(z\). A second function \(g(z)\) defined for the same \(z\) by the series \(\sum b(i)z^ i\) \((0\leq i\leq \infty)\) is introduced and further coefficients \(c(j)=\{\sum a(\omega)b(j-\omega)\) \((0\leq \omega\leq j)\}\) are determined. The functions \(S(n\mid z)=\{\sum c(j)z^ j\quad (0\leq j\leq n)\}/g(z)\) are approximants to \(f(z)\). The partial sums and approximants are decomposed in the forms \(f(k,\tau\mid z)=F(kp+\tau\mid z)\) and \(s(k,\tau\mid z)=S(kp+\tau\mid z)\). The difference operator \(\Delta\) is defined by setting \(\Delta(\nu,H(\nu\mid z))=H(\nu+1\mid z)-H(\nu\mid z)\), \(H\) being a suitable function. The approximants \(T(pk+\tau\mid z)=t(k,\tau\mid z)\) are defined by setting \(t(k,q+j\mid z)=f(k,q\mid z)+\{s(k,q+j\mid z)- f(k,q\mid z)\}\Delta(q,f(k,q-1\mid z))/\{\Delta(k,s(k,q+j\mid z))+\Delta(q,f(k,q-1\mid z))\}\). It is shown that under suitable conditions, for \(0\leq q<p\) and for certain z, \(\lim\{s(k,q+j\mid z)-f(z)\}/\{f(k,q\mid z)-f(z)\}=0\) as \(k\to \infty\): the approximants \(S\) converge to \(f\) faster than certain of the partial sums from which they are derived. An analogous result holds for the approximants \(T\) over a less restricted \(z\)-domain.