Condition P for singular real analytic differential forms in the plane (Q1183366)

A very thorough and instructive discussion of a special first order differential equation near a singular point is made by the blowing-up method to determine a necessary and sufficient condition for solvability. Given a germ at \(0\in\mathbb{R}^ 2\) of a complex-valued real analytic function \(z\), the author deals with the equation \(du\wedge dz=\omega\wedge dz\) (where \(\omega\) is a given differential form) for the unknown function \(u\). Blowing up the singularities of \(z\) by a surjection \(\pi: M\to\mathbb{R}^ 2\), the problem may be reduced to the case when the singularities of \(z\circ\pi\) are of a certain elementary kind. Then the solvability is expressed by a condition \(Ps\): certain family of polynomials of one real variable must not change the sign outside the singularities of \(z\circ\pi\). In more detail, if all derivatives of \(\omega\) at 0 are vanishing, the \(Ps\) is necessary and sufficient for the existence of a \(C^ n\)-solution with every positive \(n\). Thus, for a general \(\omega\), the existence of formal solutions implies the existence of \(C^ n\)-solutions.