On density of interpolation points, a Kadec-type theorem, and Saff's principle of contamination in \(L_ p\)-approximation (Q1187193)

Let \(I=[-1,1]\) and for \(p\in(1,\infty)\) fixed let \(L_ p(I)\) be the Lebesgue space endowed with the weighted \(L_ p\)-norm (with a given positive weight). Denote by \(B_{n,p}(f)\) the polynomial of best \(L_ p\)-approximation to \(f\) of degree \(n\). A function \(f\in L_ 1(I)\) is said to have a sign change at \(x_ 0\in(-1,1)\) if \(f\) is not \(\geq 0\) or \(\leq 0\) \(\mu\)-a.e. in a neighborhood of \(x_ 0\). The main result: Let \(1<p<\infty\). Then, for every \(f\in L_ p(I)\), the points of sign change of \(f-B_{n,p}(f)\) are dense in \(I\), as \(n\to\infty\). An analogous result was obtained for \(p=2\) and under an additional assumption for \(p\neq 2\) by \textit{E. B. Saff} and \textit{B. Shekhtman} [Indag. Math., New Ser. 1, No. 4, 489-498 (1990; Zbl 0723.41022)]. It is proved also a Kadeç type result concerning the asymptotic distribution of zeros of \(B_{n+1,p}(f)-B_{n,p}(f)\) on \([a,b]\subseteq I\). Finally one obtains the ``Saff's principle of contamination'' for \(L_ p\) spaces i.e. the following estimate \[ \limsup_{n\to\infty} (\| f- B_{n,p}(f)\|_{L_ p[a,b]}/\| f-B_{n,p}(f)\|_{L_ p(I)})^{1/n}=1, \] is true for \([a,b]\subseteq I\) and \(f\in L_ p(I)\).