A useful Banach algebra (Q1188259)

Summary: We introduce a Banach algebra of power series and give two applications, (i) an existence proof for the initial value problem \(w'(z)= f(z,w(z))\), \(w(z_0)= w_0\), and (ii) a proof of the implicit function theorem. These proofs are short, and they use only elementary results about power series, but no theorems on holomorphic functions. If only real power series are considered, one obtains ``real'' proofs for theorems of real analysis. Regarding problem (ii), most books (and courses) on real analysis contain the theorem that under the assumptions \(f\in C^k\), \(f(0,0)= 0\), \(f_y (0,0)\neq 0\) the equation \(f(x,y) = 0\) defines a function \(y= \varphi(x)\in C^k\) near \(x=0\). Important examples (and most exercises) are of the form \(f(x,y)= \sum a_{ij} x^i y^i\); yet the theorem that in this case \(\varphi\) has a power series expansion is lacking. A proof is given in Section 4; the author is not aware of other real proofs of that theorem.