Uniform position properties and Hilbert functions for points on a smooth quadric (Q1188273)

Let \(\mathbb{P}^ r\) be the projective \(r\)-space over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. For any closed subscheme \(X \subset \mathbb{P}^ 3\) let \(H(X,i)=h^ 0(\mathbb{P}^ 3,{\mathcal O}_{\mathbb{P}^ 3}(i))- h^ 0(\mathbb{P}^ 3,{\mathcal I}_ X(i))\). If \(X\) is a closed subscheme of a quadric \(Q \subset \mathbb{P}^ 3\), \({\mathcal I}_ X'\) denotes the restriction of the ideal sheaf \({\mathcal I}_ X\) to \(Q\). For any divisor \({\mathcal D} \subset Q\) of type \((a,b)\), \({\mathcal O}_ Q(a,b)\) denotes the associated sheaf and for any sheaf \({\mathcal F}\) on \(Q\), \({\mathcal I}(a,b)\) is just \({\mathcal I} \otimes {\mathcal O}_ Q(a,b)\). Put \(M_ X(i,j)=h^ 0(Q,{\mathcal O}_ Q(i,j))-h^ 0(Q,{\mathcal I}_ X'(i,j))\) the Hilbert matrix of \(X\) and write \(\Delta^ dM_ X(i,j)=M_ X(i,j)-M_ X(i-1,j-1)\). A set of points \(X \subset \mathbb{P}^ 3\) has the uniform position property (UPP) if for every \(X' \subset X\) it is \(H(X',i)=\min\{| X' |,H(X,i)\}\) for all \(i\), where \(| \;|\) means ``cardinality''. If \(X\) is contained on a quadric \(Q\) then is said to have the strong UPP if for every \(X' \subset X\), \(M_{X'}(i,j)= \min \{| X' |,M_ X(i,j)\}\) for all \(i,j\). -- The main result of the paper is the following: Suppose \(X \subset Q\) is a set having the strong UPP, let \((a_ 1,b_ 1)\) be a minimal element in \[ \{(i,j) | M_ X(i,j)<(i+1)(j+1)\text{ and } i \neq 0\}; \] then for every \((x,y) \geq (a_ 1,b_ 1)\) we have either (1) \(M_ X(x,y)=(x+1)(y+1)-(x-a_ 1+1)(y-b_ 1+1)\) and in such a case \(h^ 0({\mathcal I}_ X'(a_ 1,b_ 1))=1\) and every curve in \(H^ 0({\mathcal I}_ X'(x,y))\) contains the curve of type \((a_ 1,b_ 1)\), or (2) if \(\Delta^ dM_ X(x,y)>1\) then \(\Delta^ dM_ X(x,y) \geq \Delta^ dM_ X(x+1,y+1)+2\). At the end the authors study the first difference of the Hilbert function for points just having the UPP.