Enriques surfaces. I (Q1188521)

According to Bombieri and Mumford, who extended to any characteristic p the Enriques surfaces classification of algebraic surfaces, Enriques surfaces F are defined by: \(K_ F\equiv 0\) and \(b_ 2(F)=10\); they form one of the four classes of surfaces of Kodaira dimension 0. This book is the first part of a two-volume exposition of the theory of Enriques surfaces over algebraically closed fields of arbitrary characteristic p, including the special and complicated case \(p=2\). Not only many results appear here for the first time, some of them new even for \(p\neq 2\), but the approach itself is new. Its starting point is the fact (2.5.1) that the Picard lattice of any Enriques surface F is isomorphic to the Enriques lattice \(E=U\oplus (-E_ 8)\). The proof given here is new; it rests on the Milne flat duality for sheaves on a surface. The algebraic properties of E are then systematically translated into geometric properties of F, where genus \(1\) fibrations and nodal curves (i.e.: (-2) rational curves) play a central role (since explicit projective models of F are constructed from them). - For example (5.7.1), the set of genus 1 fibrations of F corresponds bijectively to the set of \(W_ F\)-orbits of effective primitive isotropic vectors of E, where \(W_ is\) the Weyl group of F, generated by the reflections of E induced by the nodal curves of F. Let us describe briefly the content of the book: Chapter 0 is preliminary, reviewing double covers, rational double points and Del Pezzo surfaces, emphasizing the case \(p=2\). - Chapter 1 surveys Bombieri- Mumford classification, and determines the numerical invariants of Enriques surfaces. - Chapter 2 studies in detail lattices, their root bases and Weyl groups, with special regard to E. - Chapter 3 applies the arithmetic of E to the geometry of F, as explained above. It contains in particular the reducibility lemma, and the existence (except maybe on ``extra-special'' ones, defined in 3.5) on any F of at least 3 genus 1 fibrations with pairwise intersections equal to 1. - This fact is exploited in chapter 4 to construct projective models of F. Superelliptic maps as well as projective models of degree \(\leq 10\) are also described. - Chapter 5 exposes the theory of genus 1 fibrations on surfaces, their Jacobian fibrations, and the Ogg-Shafarevich theory of principal homogeneous spaces of elliptic curves over function fields. In the last two sections, the case of Enriques surfaces F is studied: the Jacobian of a genus 1 fibration on F is rational (5.7.2.); one is thus reduced to study genus 1 fibrations on rational surfaces, that is; Halphen pencils on \({\mathbb{P}}_ 2\), object of section 5.6. Chapter 2 and 5 are intended to serve as references for needs others than the study of Enriques surfaces.