A subclass of symmetric Loewner matrices (Q1190113)

This article is devoted to study the subclass of real symmetric Loewner matrices with fixed (interpolation) nodes and row sums zero. It is shown that it forms a commutative semigroup with respect to multiplication and contains with each element its Moore-Penrose inverse as well. Let \({\mathcal L}(y)\) be the set of all symmetric Loewner matrices \(L\), and \(\hat{\mathcal L}(y)\) is the subclass of \({\mathcal L}(y)\) such that \(L\in\hat{\mathcal L}(y)\) iff \(L\in{\mathcal L}(y)\) and \(Le=0\), \(e=(1,\ldots,1)^ T\). The main results are: Theorem 1: A necessary and sufficienct condition for a real \(n\times n\) matrix \(L\) to belong to \(\hat{\mathcal L}(y)\) is: \(L\) has the form \(L=MDM^ T\) for some real diagonal matrix \(D\) and \(M\) is the \(n\times(n-1)\) matrix \(M=((y_ i-p_ j)^{-1})\), \(y_ 1<y_ 2<\cdots<y_ n\), \(p_ 1<p_ 2<\cdots<p_{n- 1}\), \(y_ i<p_ i<y_{i+1}\). Theorem 2: Any two matrices from \(\hat{\mathcal L}(y)\) commute. For every matrix in \(\hat{\mathcal L}(y)\), the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse is in \(\hat{\mathcal L}(y)\) as well. The matrix \(I-(1/n)J\), where \(J\) is the \(n\times n\) matrix of all ones, also belongs to \(\hat{\mathcal L}(y)\) and is the unique idempotent matrix in \(\hat{\mathcal L}(y)\) with maximum rank \(n- 1\). Its corresponding matrix \(D\) in the above theorem is \(\Delta^{-1}\), with \(\Delta=M^ TM\).