Topologically extremal real algebraic surfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^ 2\times{}\mathbb{P}^ 1\) and \(\mathbb{P}^ 1\times{}\mathbb{P}^ 1\times{}\mathbb{P}^ 1\) (Q1190706)

The paper concerns the 16th Hilbert problem over topological restrictions for hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^ n\) of fixed degree. The author constructs real surfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^ 2\times\mathbb{P}^ 1\) and in \(\mathbb{P}^ 1\times\mathbb{P}^ 1\times\mathbb{P}^ 1\) having the following property: for each pair of positive integers \((d,r)\) (or \((d,e,r))\) there exists an \(M\)-surface \(A\) in \(\mathbb{P}^ 2\times\mathbb{P}^ 1\) (resp. in \(\mathbb{P}'\times\mathbb{P}'\times\mathbb{P}')\) of degree \((d,r)\) (resp. \((d,e,r))\) such that the projection \(A\to\mathbb{P}^ 1\) has the maximal number of real critical points. (An \(M\)-surface is a surface \(X\) which is the set of the fixed points of an anti-holomorphic involution over a complex surface \(Y\) and such that \(\sum\dim H_ i(X,\mathbb{Z}_ 2)=\sum\dim H_ i(Y,\mathbb{Z}_ 2))\). --- The author shows also the existence of \(M\)-surfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^ 2\#(-\mathbb{P}^ 2)\times\mathbb{P}^ 1\). Finally the authors proves by a similar argument a theorem of Viro about the construction of \(M\)-surfaces in \(\mathbb{P}^ 3\).