Generic Sylow theorems for the reductive groups over finite fields (Q1190810)

Let \(G\) be a connected reductive linear algebraic group defined over the algebraic closure of a finite field \(F_ q\), and \(F : G \to G\) an isogeny providing a rational structure on \(F_ q\). For a given type, the order of the finite group \(G^ F\) is a polynomial in \(q\) whose irreducible factors over \(Z[q]\) contain only powers of \(q\) and cyclotomic polynomials \(\Phi_ d(q)\). In the study of the finite group \(G^ F\) it is often helpful to think of \(\Phi_ d(q)\) as a kind of prime. For instance, suppose that \(l\) is a sufficiently large prime that does not divide \(q\) but does not divide the order of \(G^ F\). The study of the representations of \(G^ F\) on an \(l\)-adic ring depends only on the cyclotomic factor of \(G^ F\) divided by \(l\), not on \(l\) itself. The authors provide a formal context for this kind of observation, by developing a theory of \(\Phi_ d(q)\)-subgroups of \(G\) analogous to that of \(p\)-subgroups of finite groups. In their theory, \(\Phi_ d(q)\)- subgroups are all ``elementary abelian'', for instance. The methods resemble those associated with the study of groups of Ree, Tits, and Suzuki, with the difference that in place of cyclotomic polynomials they use products of cyclotomic polynomials over \(Z[\sqrt{2}]\) and \(Z[\sqrt{3}]\). Using ideas of \textit{M. Demazure} [Schémas en Groupes III, Lect. Notes Math. 153 (1970; Zbl 0212.528)] and \textit{J. Tits} [J. Algebra 105, 542-573 (1987; Zbl 0626.22013)], the authors obtain Sylow theorems that reduce to linear algebraic results about the natural representation of the Weyl groups for which the basis is an article of \textit{T. Springer} [Invent. Math. 25, 159-198 (1974; Zbl 0287.20043)]. After introducing the appropriate terminology and developing the preliminary theory, for the details of which the reader is referred to the paper, the authors present the main result, which is analogous to Sylow's theorem. It also generalizes Theorem 4.21 of \textit{A. Borel} and \textit{J. Tits} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 27, 55-151 (1965; Zbl 0145.174)], namely, for \(G\) over \(F_ p\), the split maximal sub- tori are all conjugate under the group of rational points of \(G\). Let \(\mathcal G\) be a complete root system and \(d\) a positive integer. The authors' Sylow theorem states firstly that if \(\Phi_ d(x)\) divides the order polynomial \(O_{\mathcal G}(x)\) of \(\mathcal G\), then there is one nontrivial Sylow-type \(\Phi_ d(x)\)-subgroup of \(G\). Secondly, if \(S\) is a maximal \(\Phi_ d(x)\)-subgroup of \(G\) corresponding to a given toral subsystem \(\mathcal S\) of \(\mathcal G\), then \(O_{\mathcal S}(x)\) is actually \(\Phi_ d(x)^{a(d)}\), the contribution of \(\Phi_ d(x)\) to \(O_{\mathcal G}(x)\). Thirdly, any two maximal \(\Phi_ d(x)\)-subgroups are conjugate under \(G^ F\). Finally, if \(L = C_ G(S)\) for a maximal \(\Phi_ d(x)\)- subgroup \(S\), then \(| N_{G^ F}(S)| = | W_{\mathcal G}({\mathcal L})| O_{\mathcal L}(q)\) and \(O_{\mathcal G}(x)/(| W_{\mathcal G}({\mathcal L})| O_{\mathcal L}(x)) \equiv 1 \bmod \Phi_ d(x)\), and in particular \(| G^ F : N_{G^ F}(S)|\equiv 1\bmod \Phi_ d(x)\). The \(\Phi_ d(x)\)-Sylow subgroups are direct products of cyclic subgroups of orders \(\Phi_ d(x)\), so are naturally referred to as elementary abelian. This leads to the following analogue of Burnside's theorem for finite groups. Let \(S\) be a \(\Phi_ d(x)\)-Sylow subgroup of \(G\) and \(S'\) an \(F\)-stable subtorus of \(S\). Let \(g \in G^ F\) be such that \(S^{\prime g}\subset S\). Then there exist \(n \in N_{G^ F}(S)\) and \(Z \in C_{G^ F}(S')\) such that \(g = zn\).