Unstable vector bundles and linear systems on surfaces in characteristic p (Q1191366)

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective surface over a base field of characteristic \(p\). If \(p=0\), Bogomolov showed that any rank two vector bundle \(E\) on \(X\) with \(\delta(E)=c^ 2_ 1(E)-4c_ 2(E)>0\) is unstable and hence Chern numbers of \(X\) satisfy \(c^ 2_ 1\leq 4c_ 2\) [\textit{F. A. Bogomolov}, Math. USSR, Izv. 13, 499-555 (1979); translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 42, 1227-1287 (1978; Zbl 0439.14002)]. --- In general Bogomolov's results do not hold if \(p>0\). The author proves the following. (1) If \(p=2\) and \(X\) can be lifted to \(W_ 2(k)\), the ring of Witt vectors of length 2, then the above results hold for \(X\). --- (2) If \(X\) is not of general type, then any rank 2 vector bundle \(E\) on \(X\) with \(\delta(E)>0\) is unstable, except possibly for \(X\) properly quasi-elliptic. --- (3) If \(X\) is of general type with minimal model \(X_ 1\), if \(\delta(E)>K^ 2_{X_ 1}/(p-1)^ 2\) and if \(E\) is semistable then \(X\) is purely inseparably uniruled. --- As a corollary it follows that for all surfaces of special type except quasielliptic ones the Kodaira vanishing theorem [\textit{T. Ekedahl}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 67, 97-144 (1988; Zbl 0674.14028)] and Reider's analysis [\textit{I. Reider}, Ann. Math., II. Ser. 127, No. 2, 309- 316 (1988; Zbl 0663.14010)] of adjoint linear systems are valid. Finally there are some new results on pluricanonical maps of surfaces of general type.