Borel measurability of extreme local derivatives (Q1194653)

A local system in \(\mathbb{R}\) was introduced by B. S. Thomson as follows: A local system in \(\mathbb{R}\) is an indexed family \({\mathcal S}=\{S(x):x\in\mathbb{R}\}\) of nonempty systems of subsets in \(\mathbb{R}\), which satisfy the following conditions: for all \(x\in\mathbb{R}\) hold: (i) \(\{x\}\notin S(x)\), (ii) if \(s\in S(x)\), \(s\subset p\subset\mathbb{R}\), then \(p\in S(x)\), (iii) if \(s\in S(x)\) then \(x\in s\), (iv) if \(s\in S(x)\) then \(s\cap(x-\varepsilon,x+\varepsilon)\in S(x)\) for any \(\varepsilon>0\). The local system \({\mathcal S}\) is said filtering (overlapping) at \(x\) iff \(s,p\in S(x)\Rightarrow s\cap p\in S(x)\) \((s\cap p\neq\{x\})\). If \({\mathcal S}\) is a local system, we can define its dual \({\mathcal S}^*=\{S^*(x):x\in\mathbb{R}\}\) by the conditions: for any \(s\in S^*(x)\) iff \(x\in s\) and \((\mathbb{R}-s)\cup\{x\}\notin S(x)\). For any \(A\subset\mathbb{R}\) and any local system \({\mathcal S}\) we can define the \({\mathcal S}\)-derived set \(\text{der}_{\mathcal S}(A)\) of \(A\) by: \(\text{der}_{\mathcal S}(A)=\{x\in\mathbb{R}:A\cup\{x\}\in S(x)\}\). If \({\mathcal E}=\{E_ x:x\in\mathbb{R}\}\) is a system of paths, the local system \({\mathcal S}=\{S(x):x\in\mathbb{R}\}\), where for each \(x\in\mathbb{R}\) \(S(x)\) is the filter generated by the filter base \(\{E_ x\cap(x- \varepsilon,x+\varepsilon):\varepsilon>0\}\), we call as generated by the system \({\mathcal E}\) of paths. Let \({\mathcal S}\) be a local system and \(f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\). Then the lower \({\mathcal S}\)-derivative \(\underline f_ \varphi'(a)\) of \(f\) at \(a\) is the number \[ \sup\left\{\inf\left\{{f(y)- f(a)\over y-a}:y\in s-\{a\}\right\}:s\in S(a)\right\}. \] Analogously is defined the upper \({\mathcal S}\)-derivative \(\overline f_ \varphi'(a)\). Let \({\mathcal S}=\{S(x):x\in\mathbb{R}\}\) be a local system and for \(\alpha<\Omega F_ \alpha\), \(G_ \alpha\), \(AB_ \alpha\) and \(MB_ \alpha\) let be the classes of Borel measurable subsets in \(\mathbb{R}\) defined by C. Kuratowski. Then we say: (i) \({\mathcal S}\) is said to be of the type \(F_ \alpha(G_ \alpha)\) iff \(\text{der}_{\mathcal S}(A)\in F_ \alpha\) \((\text{der}_ \varphi(A)\in G_ \alpha)\) for any Borel set \(A\). (ii) \({\mathcal S}\) is Borel measurable iff there exists such \(\alpha<\Omega\) that \({\mathcal S}\) is of the type \(F_ \alpha\) or \(G_ \alpha\). (iii) \({\mathcal S}\) is Lebesgue measurable iff \(\text{der}_{\mathcal S}(A)\) is Lebesgue measurable for any in \(\mathbb{R}\) Lebesgue measurable set \(A\). (iv) \({\mathcal S}\) is of the type \(AB_ \alpha(MB_ \alpha)\) iff \(\text{der}_{\mathcal S}(A)\in AB_ \alpha\) \((\text{der}_{\mathcal S}(A)\in MB_ \alpha)\) for any \(A\subset\mathbb{R}\). Here are some results. 3.4. Lemma. Let \({\mathcal S}\) be a local system in \(\mathbb{R}\) and \({\mathcal S}^*\) be its dual. Then \({\mathcal S}\) is of the type \(F_ \alpha\) \((G_ \alpha\) or measurable) iff \({\mathcal S}^*\) is of the type \(G_ \alpha\) \((F_ \alpha\) or measurable). 3.6. Lemma. Let \(A\subset\mathbb{R}\) and let \(f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) be defined by \[ f(a)=\limsup_{h\to 0+}{\lambda(A\cup\{x\},x,h)\over h}, \] where \(\lambda(A\cup\{x\},x,h)\) is the length of the largest interval in the set \((\mathbb{R}-(A\cup\{x\}))\cap(x,x+h)\). Then \(\{x\in\mathbb{R}:f(x)>\alpha\}\in AB_ 2\) for any \(\alpha\in\mathbb{R}\). 4.3. Theorem. Let \({\mathcal S}\) be a local system overlapping at any \(x\) and \(\langle x,\infty)\in S(x)\) for any \(x\in\mathbb{R}\). Then \({\mathcal S}\) is Borel measurable if \(\overline f_{\mathcal S}'\) is Borel measurable for any Borel measurable function \(f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\). 4.6. Lemma. Let \(\alpha<\Omega\) be an ordinal number, let \(f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) be a bounded function and the local system \({\mathcal S}\) let be of the type \(AB_ \alpha\) \((MB_ \alpha)\). Let \(\omega_{\mathcal S}(f):\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) be the oscillation of \(f\) defined by: \[ \begin{multlined} (\omega_{\mathcal S}(f))(x)=\inf\{\sup\{f(y):y\in s-\{x\}\}:s\in S(x)\} \\ -\sup\{\inf\{f(y):y\in s-\{x\}\}:s\in S(x)\}.\end{multlined} \] Then \(\omega_{\mathcal S}(f)\) is in \(AB_{\alpha+1}(MB_{\alpha+1})\).