Prescribing invariants of Lagrangian surfaces. With an appendix: Graphs of polarized Lagrangian surfaces (Q1196971)

Let \((P^ 4,\omega)\) be a symplectic manifold isomorphic to the cotangent bundle symplectic manifold \((T^*\mathbb{R}^ 2,d\theta)\), \(\pi: T^*\mathbb{R}^ 2\to \mathbb{R}^ 2\). Let \(L\) be a smooth compact oriented, via \(j: L\to P^ 4\) immersed Lagrangian surface in \(P^ 4\). Let \(C\) denote the rank 1 locus of \(L\), i.e. \(D(\pi\circ j)\) \((\pi\circ j: L\to \mathbb{R}^ 2)\) has rank 1 on \(C\). Properties of the Lagrangian Grassmann manifold give the decomposition \(C=C_ R\cup C_ L\) and the two restricted Gauss maps \((g)_{R,L}: C_{R,L}\to S^ 1_{R,L}\), where \(S^ 1_ R\cup S^ 1_ L\) is the retract of the space of oriented two-planes intersecting a fixed Lagrangian 2-plane exactly along the 1-dimensional locus. Degrees of \((g)_{R,L}\) are called the two polarization indices of \(L\). The author shows that any pair of integers which sum to the Euler characteristic can be realized as the polarization indices of a Lagrangian immersion, with arbitrary canonical and Maslov classes. An integral formulation of the indices leads to an integral inequality. Realizing equality in the case of a sphere determines the immersion up to homotopy through Lagrangian immersions, in the case of a torus it constraints the Maslov class and polarization indices but fails to determine the immersion's homotopy class. The correspondence between polarized Lagrangian surfaces and their graphs is described in the Appendix.