Module de continuité des fonctions \(L\) 2-adiques des caractères quadratiques. (Modulus of continuity of 2-adic L-functions of quadratic characters) (Q1197361)

Fix a prime number \(p\), and let \(S_ 0\) be a non-empty set of prime numbers not containing \(p\). Write \(S=S_ 0\cup\{p\}\). Let \(\mathbb{Q}_ S\) be the maximal extension of \(\mathbb{Q}\) in the maximal Abelian extension \(\mathbb{Q}^{ab}\) which is unramified outside \(S\cup\{\infty\}\). \(G_ S:=\text{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}_ S/\mathbb{Q})\), and \(\mathbb{Q}_ \infty\) denotes the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_ p\)-extension of \(\mathbb{Q}\). Define the topological \(\mathbb{Z}_ p\)-algebra of \(\mathbb{Z}_ p\)-measures on \(G_ S\), \(\Lambda_{G_ S}\), as \(\varprojlim\mathbb{Z}_ p[G_ S/\Omega]\), where \(\Omega\) runs over the open subgroups of \(G_ S\), thus \(G_ S/\Omega\) runs over the Galois groups of finite extension of \(\mathbb{Q}\) in \(\mathbb{Q}^{ab}\). Elements of the quotient ring of \(\Lambda_{G_ S}\) are called \(\mathbb{Z}_ p\)-distributions on \(G_ S\), and a \(\mathbb{Z}_ p\)- distribution \(\beta\) is called a \(\mathbb{Z}_ p\)-pseudomeasure if \((1- g)\beta\in\Lambda_{G_ S}\) for any \(g\in G_ S\). A continuous character \(\chi: G_ S\to\mathbb{C}_ p\) can be extended to a continuous homomorphism \(\chi: \Lambda_{G_ S}\to\mathbb{C}_ p\). One writes \(\langle\chi,\alpha\rangle\) for \(\chi(\alpha)\), \(\alpha\in\Lambda_{G_ S}\), and for a pseudo-measure \(\beta\) one defines the integral of \(\chi\) (\(\chi\neq\chi_ 0\), the trivial character) with respect to \(\beta\) as \(\langle\chi,\beta\rangle= \langle\chi, (1-g)\beta\rangle(1-\chi(g))^{-1}\), where \(g\in G_ S\) is any element such that \(\chi(g)\neq 1\). There exists a character (the absolute norm) \(N: G_ S\to\mathbb{Z}^*_ p\) and combined with this \(N\), the Teichmüller character \(\omega\) defines a character \(\langle\sigma\rangle=N(\sigma)/\omega(N\sigma)\), \(\sigma\in G_ S\). A result of Deligne and Ribet says that there exists a unique pseudo- measure \(\lambda_ S\) on \(G_ S\) such that \[ \bigl\langle\chi\langle\;\rangle^ n,\lambda_ S\bigr\rangle= L(\chi\omega^{-n},1-n)= - \left(1-{\chi\omega^{-n}(p)\over p^{1-n}}\right) {B_{n,\chi\omega^{-n}}\over n}, \] for any \(n\geq 1\), where \(L\) is the meromorphic continuation on \(\mathbb{C}\) of the corresponding \(L\)-function of \(\mathbb{Q}\), and where the \(B_{n,\chi\omega^{-n}}\) is the \(n^{\text{th}}\) generalized Bernoulli number. This leads to the Definition: The \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function of \(\mathbb{Q}\) associated with the character \(\chi\) of \(G_ S\) is the continuous function \(L_ p(\chi,s)=\bigl\langle\chi\langle\;\rangle^{1-s},\lambda_ S\bigr\rangle\), for all \(s\in\mathbb{Z}_ p\). From now on, specialize to the case \(p=2\), \(\chi\) is an even quadratic character of \(G^{ab}=\text{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}^{ab}/\mathbb{Q})\), \(S_ 0\) is a non-empty set of \textit{odd} primes dividing the conductor of \(\chi\), and \(S=S_ 0\cup\{2\}\). Let \(K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt d)\) be the real quadratic number field associated with the even quadratic character \(\chi\). One assumes that \(d\neq 2\) is a square free integer, thus can be written as \(d=2p_ 1\cdots p_ r\) or \(d=p_ 1\cdots p_ r\) according to whether \(d\) is even or odd. The \(p_ i\), \(1\leq i\leq r\), are odd prime numbers. Let \(E=\{1,2,\dots,r\}\) and define, for any \((i,j)\in E\times E\), \(i\neq j\): \[ a(i,j)={1-\left({p_ i\over p_ j}\right)\over 2},\quad\delta_ i={1-\omega(p_ i)\over 2},\quad m_ i={\log\langle p_ i\rangle\over\log 5}\equiv{p_ i-\omega(p_ i)\over 4}\mod 2, \] where \(\omega(p_ i)=(-1)^{{p_ i-1\over 2}}\), and log is the 2-adic logarithm. Define matrices: \(A=(a(i,j))\) with \(a(i,i)=0\) or 1 such that \(\sum^ r_{j=1} a(i,j)\equiv 0\bmod 2\); \(M=(m(i,j))\) with \(m(i,i)=m_ i\) and \(m(i,j)=0\), \(i\neq j\); \(\Delta=(\delta(i,j))\) with \(\delta(i,j)=\delta_ i\) for all \(j\); \(D=(d(i,j))\) with \(d(1,j)=1\) and \(d(i,j)=0\), \(i\neq 1\). Let \(P\) be the matrix \(P=A+M\) if \(d\equiv 0\bmod 2\), \(P=A+\Delta M\) if \(d\equiv 1\bmod 4\), \(P=A+DM\) if \(d\equiv -1\bmod 4\). Also, for any subset \(J\subseteq E\), let \(P_ J=(p(i,j))_{i,j\in J}\), the principal \(J\)-minor of \(P\). With these notations one can state the main result: Theorem. One has the following congruences for \(s,t\in\mathbb{Z}_ 2\): \[ {1\over 2} L_ 2(\chi,s)\equiv 2^{r-1}\text{det}(P)\bmod 2^ r\mathbb{Z}_ 2;\tag{i} \] \[ {1\over 2} L(\chi,s)-{1\over 2} L(\chi,t)\equiv 2^ r(s-t)\bigl(\text{det}(P)+\sum^ r_{i=1}{p_ i-\omega(p_ i)\over 4}\text{det}(P_{E\backslash\{i\}})\bigr)\bmod 2^{r+1}(s- t)\mathbb{Z}_ 2;\tag{ii} \] (iii) moreover, if for all \(i\in E\) one has \(p_ i\equiv\pm1\bmod 8\), then \[ {1\over 2} L(\chi,s)-{1\over 2} L(\chi,t)\equiv 2^{r+1}(s-t)\bigl(\sum^ r_{i=1}{p_ i-\omega(p_ i)\over 8}\text{det}(P_{E\backslash\{i\}})\bigr)\bmod 2^{r+2}(s- t)\mathbb{Z}_ 2. \] The theorem gives many well-known and also many new congruences. As an application one may derive various congruences for the value of the Dedekind zeta-function \(\zeta_ K(s)\) at the point \(s=-1\). This may be related to the Birch-Tate conjecture on \(K_ 2({\mathcal O}_ K)\).