On the ideal class groups of the \(p\)-class fields of quadratic number fields (Q1201481)

Fix an odd prime \(p\). Let \(k\) be a quadratic number field, \(\tilde k\) the Hilbert \(p\)-class field of \(k\), \(\hat k\) that of \(\tilde k\), \(C=\text{Gal}(\tilde k/k)\), \(G=\text{Gal}(\hat k/k)\), \(\{G_ i\}\) the descending central series of \(G\). The author is interested in the size of \(G_ 2=\text{Gal}(\hat k/\tilde k)\). Let \(r=p\)-rank \((C)\). If \(r\leq 1\), \(G_ 2\) is trivial. If \(r\geq 2\), \(G_ 2\) is ``large'', in the following sense: 1) \(G_ 2/G_ 3\simeq C\wedge C\) and \(G/G_ 3\) is a metabelian group which can be described explicitly by generators and relations (in terms of invariants of \(C)\). In particular, \(p\)-rank \((G_ 2)\geq{r\choose 2}\). 2) If moreover \(k\) is imaginary, then \(| G_ 2|\geq| C\wedge C|^ 2\) and \(p\)-rank \((G_ 1)\geq{r+1\choose 2}+{r\choose 2}\).