Planar Navier-Stokes flows in a bounded domain with measures as initial vorticities (Q1202228)

The authors consider the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations: \[ \begin{cases} (\partial u/\partial t) + u \cdot \nabla u = \lambda \Delta u- \nabla p \quad & (x \in D, t>0) \\ \nabla \cdot u=0 & (x \in D, t \geq 0) \\ u \cdot \nu |_ S = 0:\;\nabla \times u |_ S = 0; & u |_{t=0} = a, \end{cases} \tag{NS} \] where \(D\) is a simply connected bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^ 2\) with smooth boundary \(S\), \(\nu\) is the unit outward normal to the boundary \(S\); \(u=(u^ 1,u^ 2)\) and \(p\) are unknown velocity and pressure, respectively; \(a\) is a given initial velocity and \(\nabla \cdot u = \sum_ j \partial_ ju^ j\), \(u \cdot \nabla u = \sum_ j u^ j \partial_ ju\), \(\nabla \times u = \partial_ 1u^ 2 - \partial_ 2u^ 1\), \(\partial_ j = \partial/ \partial x_ j\). The main results are stated in two theorems. The first one asserts that for each \(a\), such that the associated vorticity \(\nabla\times a\) is a finite Borel measure on \(D\), there exists a smooth global solution \(u\) of problem (NS). The uniqueness is proved only in the case when \(\nabla \times a\) is small compared with the viscosity \(\lambda>0\). For the existence result the authors first construct approximate solutions \(u_ \varepsilon\), which are a priori estimated uniformly for \(\varepsilon>0\) and then show their convergence to the solution \(u\), when \(\varepsilon\) tends to 0. To the estimate the authors apply the Nash result for the fundamental solution to the linear parabolic problem. The second main theorem establishes the existence of global \(L^ p\)- solutions to the Euler equations: \[ \begin{cases} {\partial u \over \partial t} + u \cdot \nabla u + \nabla p=0 \quad & (x \in D, t>0) \\ \nabla \cdot u = 0 & (x \in D, t \geq 0) \\ u \cdot \nu|_ S = 0;\;u |_{t=0} = a, \end{cases} \] by investigating the behaviour of solutions \(u_ \lambda\) of Navier-Stokes equations as \(\lambda\) goes to 0. The uniqueness of the solutions for the Euler equations remains open.