The Eisenstein ideal of a Fermat curve (Q1204449)

\textit{B. Mazur} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 47 (1977), 33-186 (1978; Zbl 0394.14008)] defined the Eisenstein ideal for a Fermat curve to be the endomorphism of the jacobian which annihilates the cuspidal group. The cuspidal group of a Fermat jacobian was determined by \textit{D. E. Rohrlich} [Invent. Math. 39, 95-127 (1977; Zbl 0357.14010)]. One difficulty in determining the Eisenstein ideal is that the full endomorphism ring of a Fermat jacobian is not known in general. The authors determine the endomorphism ring of the degree 5 Fermat curve, and compute the Eisenstein ideal and the action of endomorphism ring on the cuspidal divisors. Let \(F_ 5\) denote the Fermat curve of degree 5 defined by \(X^ 5+Y^ 5+Z^ 5=0\), and let \(J_ 5\) be its Jacobian. Let \(\zeta=\exp(2\pi i/5)\). The automorphism group \(G\) of \(F_ 5\) is generated by \[ \sigma:(X:Y:Z)\to(\zeta X:Y:Z),\;\tau:(X:Y:Z)\to(X:\zeta Y:Z) \] \[ \iota:(X:Y:Z)\to(Y:X:Z),\;\rho:(X:Y:Z)\to(Z:X:Y). \] Then using the map \(\Phi:\mathbb{Q}[G]\to\text{End}(J_ 5)\otimes\mathbb{Q}\) induced from the canonical injection \({G\hookrightarrow\Aut(J_ 5)}\), the authors describe explicitly the endomorphism ring of \(J_ 5\). With the structure of the endomorphism ring at their disposal, they are able to determine the Eisenstein ideal of \(F_ 5\): Theorem. The Eisenstein ideal \({\mathcal I}\) is the two-sided ideal of \(\text{End}(J_ 5)\) generated by \(5 \text{End}(J_ 5)\), \(\mathbb{Z}[\sigma,\tau]\cap{\mathcal I}\) and \(\omega:=(\tau-\tau^ 2-2\sigma- 2\sigma\tau-\sigma\tau^ 2)(1+\rho+\rho^ 2)\). The proof is computational.