On the Borel subgroups of large type (Q1206131)

The author introduces the notion of Borel subgroups of large type and determines all Borel subgroups of this type. The main idea is exposed in two theorems: Theorem 1.1: Suppose that \(G\) is a connected reductive algebraic group. Then each inner class of involutions of \(G\) contains a unique \(G\)- conjugacy class of principal involutions \(\theta\), i.e. there is a regular semisimple element \(X\) in \(\text{Lie}(G)\) on which \(\theta\) has the eigenvalue \(-1\). The corresponding real forms are exactly the quasisplit ones, i.e. there is a Borel subgroup of \(G\) defined over \(\mathbb{R}\), in the inner class. -- Theorem 1.2: Suppose \(G\) is a connected reductive algebraic group, and \(\theta\) is a principal involution of \(G\). Take a \(\theta\)-stable maximal torus \(T\) with no real roots (according to Proposition 1.12, it is unique up to conjugation by the maximal compact subgroup \(K\)). Then for the root system \(\Delta\) of \((G,T)\), there is an ordering \(\Delta^ +\) such that \(\text{Lie}(B) = \text{Lie}(T) + \sum_{\alpha \in \Delta^ +} \text{Lie}(G)_ \alpha\) is a \(\theta\)- stable Borel subalgebra and every root is either complex or noncompact imaginary. Therefore the connected subgroup \(B\) of \(G\) with Lie algebra \(\text{Lie}(G)\) is the \(\theta\)-stable Borel subgroup of large type. In section 2 the author constructs these large type \(\theta\)-stable Borel subgroups for principal involutions for the classical semisimple groups.