The congruence lattice of a strict regular semigroup (Q1207525)

The semigroups considered in this paper are of the form \(S = (X, I_ \alpha, f_{\alpha, \beta})\) where \(X\) is a partially ordered set, \(I_ \alpha\) a 0-simple semigroup for each \(\alpha \in X\) and for \(\beta \leq \alpha\) in \(X\), \(f_{\alpha, \beta}\) is a partial homomorphism between the nonzero parts \(I^*_ \alpha\) and \(I^*_ \beta\) of \(I_ \alpha\) and \(I_ \beta\): sufficient conditions guarantee that the multiplication defined in terms of these ingredients is associative. On such a semigroup \(S\), Green's relation \(\mathcal J\) is given by the partition \(\{I^*_ \alpha \mid \alpha \in X\}\) and \(S/ {\mathcal J} \cong X\). For a congruence \(\rho\) on \(S\), let \(\rho_{\mathcal J} = (\rho \vee {\mathcal J}) / {\mathcal J}\) and for each \(\alpha \in X\) put \(\overline {\alpha} = \alpha \rho_ J\) and \(J(\overline {\alpha})= \{\gamma \in X \mid \gamma \leq \tau\) for some \(\tau \in \overline {\alpha}\}\). On \(S_{J(\overline {\alpha})} = \bigcup_{\gamma \in J(\overline {\alpha})} I_ \gamma\), let \(\sigma_{\overline {\alpha}}\) be the congruence consisting of the pairs \((x,y)\) with \(x \in I^*_ \gamma\), \(y \in I^*_ \tau\) where either \(\gamma, \tau \in J(\overline {\alpha}) \setminus \overline {\alpha}\) or \(\gamma, \tau \in \overline {\alpha}\) and \(xf_{\gamma, \beta} = yf_{\tau, \beta}\) for some \(\beta \in \overline {\alpha}\). Then \(S_{J(\overline {\alpha})}/ \sigma_{\overline {\alpha}} = I_{\overline {\alpha}}\) is 0-simple and \(\rho\) induces in a natural way a congruence \(\rho_{\overline{\alpha}}\) on \(I_{\overline {\alpha}}\). The pair \((\rho_{\mathcal J}, (\rho_{\overline {\alpha}}, \overline {\alpha} \in X/ \rho_{\mathcal J}))\) which arises in this way is called a congruence aggregate. A congruence aggregate uniquely determines the congruence from which it arises. Such congruence aggregates are characterized abstractly. Joins and meets of congruences are calculated in terms of these aggregates. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the congruence lattice of \(S\) to belong to a given variety of modular lattices. \(S = (X, I_ \alpha, f_{\alpha, \beta})\) is strict regular if the \(I_ \alpha\) are completely 0-simple. Let \(S\) be a strict regular semigroup and \(\leq\) the natural partial order on the set of idempotents of \(S\). It is shown that for congruences \(\rho\) and \(\eta\) on \(S\), \(\rho \cap \leq = \eta \cap \leq\) if and only if \(\rho_{\mathcal J} = \eta_{\mathcal J}\) if and only if \(\rho \vee {\mathcal D} = \eta \vee {\mathcal D}\). Green's \({\mathcal H}\)-relation on \(S\) is a congruence relation and the mapping \(\rho \to \rho \vee {\mathcal H}\) is a complete endomorphism of the congruence lattice. The formulation of the conditions which characterize strict inverse semigroups \(S\) with a modular congruence lattice becomes especially simple: the congruence lattice is modular if and only if (i) the semigroup \(S\) endowed with its natural partial order is a tree, and (ii) if \(x < y\) in \(S\) then \(x < z\) for all \(z {\mathcal H} y\).