Partition theorems for subsets of vector spaces (Q1240242)

Partition theorems are considered also in vector spaces (cf. the papers of \textit{P.Erdős} and \textit{R.Rado} in Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 62, 427-489 (1956; Zbl 0071.05101) and of \textit{P.Erdős, A. Hajnal} and \textit{R.Rado} in Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16, 93-196 (1965; Zbl 0158.26603)). In particular, for any given quadruple \((\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta)\) of cardinals let \(\langle\alpha\rangle\to\langle\beta\rangle_{\gamma}^{\delta}\) mean the following: Whenever \(V\) is an \(\alpha\)-dimensional vector space over \(GF(2)\) and \(V=\bigcup_{\sigma< \gamma}A_{\sigma}\) there are some \(U\in[V]^{\beta}\) and some \(\sigma<\gamma\) such that if \(1\leq t< \delta\) and \(W\in[U]\) then \(\Sigma W=A_{\sigma}\). In section 2 the authors prove 19 lemmas; e.g. L.r:3(a): If \(\beta\), \(\gamma\), \(\delta < \omega\), then there exists the least integer \(N(\beta, \gamma, \delta)\) such that \(\langle N(\beta,\gamma,\delta)\rangle\to\langle\omega\rangle_{\gamma}^{\omega}\). L.r: 9: If \(\beta\) is a regular cardinal > \(\omega\) and \(\langle\beta\rangle\to \langle\beta\rangle\_{\gamma}^3\) then \(\beta\to(\beta)_{\gamma}^2\); L.2:10: GCH implies that every infinite nonlimit cardinal \(\beta\) satisfies \(\langle\beta\rangle\nrightarrow\langle\beta\rangle_2^3\). The main result (Th. 3:1): Assume the GCH and that there is no inaccessible cardinal \(> \omega\). Exclude the possibility that any of the conditions: (a), (b) or (c) holds: \[ \begin{alignedat}{3} &(a)&\qquad& \delta< \omega, \beta< \omega, \gamma=\aleph_{\rho}&\qquad& \text{ and }\quad\aleph_{\rho+\delta-1}\leq\alpha< \aleph_{\rho+2}^{\beta- 1};\\&(b)&\qquad& \delta=4, \gamma< \omega, \beta=\aleph_{\rho}> \text{cf}(\beta)=\omega&\qquad& \text{ and }\quad\alpha< \aleph_{\rho+t(\gamma)}, t(\gamma) :=2\sum_{i=0}^{\gamma}\frac{r!}{i!}-1;\\ &(c)&\qquad& \delta=4, \gamma< \omega, \text{cf}(\beta)> \omega, \beta=\aleph_{\rho}&\qquad& \text{ and }\quad\aleph{\rho}< \alpha< \aleph_{\rho+t(\gamma)}.\end{alignedat} \] Then \(\langle\alpha\rangle\to \langle\beta\rangle_{\gamma}^{\delta}\) holds if and only if one of the following 10 statements holds: (1) \(\gamma=1\); (2) \(\delta=2\) and \(\beta=1\); (3) \(\delta=2\), \(\alpha\geq\omega\), \(\gamma< \alpha\), and \(\beta< \alpha\); (4) \(\delta=2\), \(\alpha\geq\omega\), \(\gamma< \text{cf}(\alpha)\), and \(\beta=\alpha\); (5) \(\delta=3\), \(\beta< \alpha\), \(\alpha> \omega\) , and \(\gamma^+< \alpha\) ; (6) \(\delta=3\), \(\beta=\alpha> \omega\), \(\text{cf}(\alpha)=\omega\), and \(\gamma< \omega\); (7) \(\delta=4\), \(\gamma< \omega\), \(\beta=\aleph_{\rho}\), and \(\alpha\geq\aleph_{\rho +t(\gamma )}\); (8) \(\beta < \omega\), \(\gamma< \omega\), \(\alpha\geq N(\beta,\gamma,\delta)\); (9) \(\beta < \omega\), \(\gamma=\aleph_{\rho}\), and \(\alpha\geq \aleph_{{\rho+2}^{\beta-1}}\); (10) \(\beta=\omega\) and \(\gamma<\omega\).