Matrix concomitants with the mixed tensor model (Q1261134)

Let \(G\) be a reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic 0. Assume \(G\) acts on an affine algebraic variety \(X\) and let \(_ GX\) denote \(X\) as a \(G\)-variety. The paper is based on the idea of ``transmutation of varieties and actions''. Namely, each degeneration of \(G\) to a \((G\times G)\)-variety \(_ G Z_ G\) induces a degeneration functor on \(G\)-varieties sending \(_ GX \mapsto{_ GQ}:= (_ GZ_ G \times{_ G X})//G\), where the (categorical) \(G\)-quotient is obtained by contracting the right-copy \(G\)-action \(Z\) with the \(G\)- action on \(X\) (so the left \(G\)-action on \(Z\) makes \(Q\) a \(G\)-variety). \(Q\) is called the transmutation of \(G\) and \(Z\) the catalyst of the degeneration. The construction is applicable if one replaces the left- copy action of \(G\) by an action of any algebraic group \(L\): just take any \((L\times G)\)-variety \(_ LZ_ G\) as catalyst, and form the functors \(_ GX \mapsto{_ LQ}:= (_ L Z_ G \times{_ G X})// G\). The author considers the case when the catalyst \(Z\) has the property that \(L\) and \(G\) generate the full commuting rings of each other inside \(k[Z]\). In section 3 the case \(G = \text{PGL}_ n\), \(L =\text{GL}_ s \times\text{GL}_ t\) and the catalyst \(Z = Z_{n;s,t} = \{(A,B) \mid A\in M_{s,n},\;B\in M_{n,t},\;AB=0\}//k^*\) is considered. Sections 4-6 are devoted to doing invariant theory of \(n \times n\) matrices by studying the transmutation of \(\text{PGL}_ n\)-varieties to \((\text{GL}_ s \times \text{GL}_ t)\)-varieties induced by the catalyst \(Z_{n;s,t}\). The mixed tensor transmutation of a variety of \(k\)-tuples of \(n \times n\) matrices is explicitly described. It is proven that if \(n\) is large compared to fixed \(s\), \(t\) and \(l\), then \((Z_{n;s,t} \times \{A \in M_{n,n} \mid A^ \ell = 0\}) // \text{PGL}_ n\) is \(M^{\ell - 1}_{s,t}\). This is a much stronger result than the numerical stability of multiplicities in the coordinate ring of nilpotent matrices found in 1981 by the author and studied by her and R. Stanley. In section 6 a much more general stability result for the transmutations of a sequence of varieties of \(n\times n\) matrices for \(n\) large is proven. In section 7 the case \(G = L = \text{PGL}_ n\) and the catalyst \(\{(P,Q) \in M_{n,n} \times M_{n,n} \mid PQ = QP = 0\} // k^*\) is treated. In section 8 the mixed tensor construction of adjoint orbits of \(\text{PGL}_ n\) is investigated.