Persistence and coexistence in zooplankton-phytoplankton-nutrient models with instantaneous nutrient recycling (Q1261985)

Plankton-nutrient interaction models consisting of phytoplankton, herbivorous zooplankton and dissolved limiting nutrient with general nutrient uptake functions and instantaneous nutrient recycling are considered. For the model with constant nutrient input and different constant washout rates, conditions for boundedness of the solutions, existence and stability of non-negative equilibria, as well as persistence are given. Zooplankton-phytoplankton-nutrient interaction models with a fluctuating nutrient input and with a periodic washout rate are also considered, respectively. It is shown that coexistence of the zooplankton and phytoplankton may arise due to positive bifurcating periodic solutions.