Global solvability on the torus for certain classes of operators in the form of a sum of squares of vector fields (Q1265089)

This paper deals with the global solvability on the torus for some classes of second order partial differential operators \(P\) having the form of sum of squares of real vector fields. It is proved in Theorem 1.7 that \(P\) is solvable if and only if an algebraic condition involving irrational non-Liouville numbers holds. It is shown in Theorem 1.8 that the operator \[ P=-\Delta_t- \sum^m_{j=1}a_j(t) \partial^2_{x_j}, a_j\in C^\infty (\mathbb{T}^n), \] with \(a_j\geq 0\) is globally solvable on the torus \(\mathbb{T}^{m+n}\).