On the first eigenvalue of the \(p\)-Laplacian in a Riemannian manifold (Q1267136)

This is an interesting paper on geometric analysis. The author defines the notion of the \(p\)-Laplacian and consider a related Dirichlet problem. He proves that the first eigenvalue \(\lambda_{1, p}(\Omega)\), where \( \Omega\) is a bounded domain in a Riemannian manifold \(M\), can be estimated in an analogous fashion as the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian. He has discovered a Faber-Krahn type inequality, a Cheeger type inequality and a Cheng type inequality. The definition of the \(p\)-Laplacian is the following: Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded domain in a Riemannian manifold \(M\). The author considers the following Dirichlet problem: \[ \begin{cases} \triangle_{p}u + \lambda | u| ^ {p-2} u=0 &\text{in \(\Omega\),}\\ \phantom{\triangle_{p}u + \lambda | u| ^ {p-2}}u=0 &\text{on \(\partial \Omega,\)}\end{cases}\tag{1} \] where \(\triangle_{p}u =\text{div}(| \nabla u| ^{p-2}\nabla u)\) is the so-called \(p\)-Laplacian, with \(1 < p < \infty \). The first eigenvalue \(\lambda_{1, p}(\Omega)\) of the \(p\)-Laplacian is defined as the least real number \(\lambda\) for which the Dirichlet problem \((1)\) has a nontrivial solution \(u\) in the Sobolev space \( W^{1,p}_0 (\Omega).\) It is characterized by \[ \lambda_{1, p}(\Omega) =\inf_{u\not= 0} \frac{\int_{\Omega}| \nabla u| ^p d\upsilon}{\int_{\Omega} | u| ^p d\upsilon} \] where \(u\in W^{1, p}_0 (\Omega)\). For the case of the Laplacian there are the results of Faber-Krahn [\textit{P. H. Bérard}, `Spectral geometry: direct and inverse problems' (Lect. Notes Math. 1207 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin etc.) (1986; Zbl 0608.58001); \textit{J. Cheeger}, Problems in analysis, Sympos. in honor of S. Bochner (Princeton Univ. Press), 195-199 (1970; Zbl 0212.44903), and \textit{S.-Y. Cheng}, Math. Z. 143, 289-297 (1975; Zbl 0329.53035)]. The paper is written in a concise elegant manner. For the two first estimates he uses standard geometric analysis (coarea formula, isoperimetric inequality), and for the last result he applies powerful tools of Riemannian geometry, such as the Bishop comparison theorem.