Four-periodicity in Leslie matrix models with density dependent survival probabilities (Q1269429)

The author developed and analyzed a Leslie matrix model under the assumption of constant fecundity terms and density dependent survival elements. The focus is on the dynamics and qualitative behavior in unstable and chaotic parameter regimes. For all survival functions that permit unstable and nonstationary behavior, the author demonstrated that instability is reached through a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, and a dynamics of period 4 is a possible outcome in the stable parameter regimes. These results may have serious implications on life-history evolution in populations where there is observational evidence of period 4 oscillations.