Weighted subcoercive operators on Lie groups (Q1270306)

Let \(({\mathcal X},G,U)\) be a strongly continuous representation of a Lie group \(G\) on a Banach space \({\mathcal X}\) by bounded operators \(g\mapsto U(g)\). Let \(a_1,\dots, a_{d'}\) be an algebraic basis of the Lie algebra \({\mathbf g}\) of \(G\), i.e., the \(a_1,\dots,a_{d'}\) together with their multi-commutators span \({\mathbf g}\), and \(w_1,\dots,w_{d'}\in[1,\infty)\) a \(d'\)-tuple of numbers which are called weights. Let \(A_i=dU(a_i)\) denote the infinitesimal generator of the continuous one-parameter group \(t\mapsto U(\exp(-ta_i))\) and set \(A^\alpha=A_{i_1}\dots A_{i_n}\), where \(\alpha=(i_1,\dots,i_n)\) with \(i_j\in\{1,\dots,d'\}\). The paper is devoted to properties of the \(m\)-th order (weighted) differential operators \[ dU(C)=\sum_{\alpha\in J(d')} c_\alpha A^\alpha \] with domain \[ D(dU(C))=\bigcap_{\alpha\in J(d'),\parallel\alpha\parallel\leq m}D(A^\alpha) \] and coefficients \(c_\alpha\in {\mathbb C}\), where \[ J(d')=\bigcup_{n=0}^\infty J_n(d'), \quad\quad J_n(d')=\bigoplus_{k=0}^n\{1,\dots,d'\}^k, \] and the weighted length \(\|\alpha\|\) of \(\alpha=(i_1,\dots,i_n)\in J(d')\) is defined by \[ \|\alpha\|=\sum_{k=1}^n w_{i_k}. \] This operator is associated with an \(m\)-th order form \(C:J(d')\to{\mathbb C},\alpha\mapsto c_\alpha\), i.e., \(c_\alpha=0\) if \(\|\alpha\|>m\) but \(c_\alpha\neq 0\) for at least one \(\alpha\in J(d')\) with \(\|\alpha\|=m\). Let \(L_G\) denote the left regular representation of \(G\) in \(L_2(G)=L_2(G;dg)\). The \(m\)-th order form \(C\) is called \(G\)-weighted subcoercive if \(m/w_i\in 2{\mathbb N}\) for each \(i\in\{1,\dots,d'\}\) and the corresponding operator \(dL_G(C)\) satisfies a local Gårding inequality: \[ {\text Re}(\varphi, dL_G(C)\varphi)\leq\mu(N'_{m/2}(\varphi))^2- \nu\|\varphi\|_2^2 \] for some \(\mu>0\) and \(\nu\in{\mathbb R}\), uniformly for all \(\varphi\in C_c^\infty(V)\), where \(V\) is some open neighborhood of the identity \(e\in G\). Here \[ N'_n(x)= \max_{\alpha\in J(d'),\|\alpha\|=n} \| A^\alpha x\|_2 \quad \text{ if there exists }\alpha\in J(d') \;\text{ with} \;\|\alpha\|=n, \] and \(N'_n(x)=0\) otherwise. { Theorem.} Let \(C\) be an \(m\)-th order form and assume that the weights \(w_i\) satisfy \(m/w_i\in 2{\mathbb N}\). Then the following conditions are equivalent. I. The form \(C\) is \(G\)-weighted subcoercive. II. There are \(c,\mu>0\) and an open neighbourhood \(V\) of the identity of \(G\) such that \[ \mu\varepsilon^{2w_i}\| A_i\varphi\|_2^2\leq \varepsilon^m \text{ Re}(\varphi, dL_G(C)\varphi)+c\|\varphi\|_2^2 \] for all \(\varphi\in C_c^\infty(V)\), all \(\varepsilon\in(0,1]\) and all \(i\in\{1,\dots,d'\}\). III. The closure of \(dL_G(C)\) generates a holomorphic semigroup \(S\) on \(L_2(G)\) with the following properties. i. The semigroup \(S\) is quasi-contractive in an open subsector of the sector of holomorphy, i.e., there exists \(\varphi\in(0,\pi/2]\) and \(\omega\geq 0\) such that \(\| S_z\|\leq e^{\omega| z|}\) for all \(z\in\Lambda(\varphi) = \{z\in{\mathbb{C}}\setminus\{0\}:|\arg z|<\varphi\}\). ii. \(S_tL_2(G)\subset\cap_{i=1}^{d'}D(A_i)\) and there exist \(c>0\) and \(\omega\geq 0\) such that \[ \| A_iS_t\|_{2\to 2}\leq ct^{-w_i/m}e^{\omega t} \] for all \(t>0\) and \(i\in\{1,\dots, d'\}\). IV. In each continuous representation \(({\mathcal X},G,U)\) the closure of \(dU(C)\) generates a continuous semigroup \(S\) with the following properties. i. The semigroup \(S\) is holomorphic in a sector which contains an open, representation independent, subsector \(\Lambda(\theta_C)\). ii. If \(U\) is unitary then the semigroup \(S\) is quasi-contractive in each subsector of \(\Lambda(\theta_C)\), i.e., for each \(\varphi\in(0,\theta_C)\) there is an \(\omega\geq 0\) such that \(\| S_z\|\leq e^{\omega| z|}\) for all \(z\in\Lambda(\varphi)\). iii. The semigroup \(S\) has a smooth, representation independent, fast decreasing kernel \(K\) such that \[ A^\alpha S_zx=\int_G dg(A^\alpha K_z)(g)U(g)x \] for all \(\alpha\in J(d'), z\in\Lambda(\theta_C)\) and \(x\in{\mathcal X}\). iv. The kernel \(K_z\) together with its derivatives \(A^\alpha K_z\) satisfies \(m\)-th order Gaussian bounds.