Characterization of algebraic curves by Chebyshev quadrature (Q1271303)

Let \(\Gamma\) be a compact subset of \(\mathbb R^d\) and let \(\mu\) be a probability measure on \(\Gamma\). Given an \(N\)-tuple \(Z_N = \{\zeta_1,\dots,\zeta_N\}\) of \(N\) points \(\zeta_k \in \Gamma\) the authors are looking for good approximate formulas of the form \(\int_{\Gamma} fd\mu \approx \frac 1N \sum_{k=1}^N f(\zeta_k)\) for which the \textit{quadrature remainder} \(R(f,Z_N) := \int_{\Gamma} f d\mu - \frac 1N \sum_{k=1}^N f(\zeta_k)\) is very small for a large class of functions \(f\). In particular the authors show the following theorem. If \(\Gamma\) is a singularity-free closed loop of an algebraic curve and \(d\mu = \alpha d\lambda\), where \(\lambda\) is the arc length and \(\alpha\) is a positive real-analytic function on \(\Gamma\), then there are constants \(A,b,c\) such that for every \(N\)-tuple \(Z_N\) on \(\Gamma\) of equally spaced nodes relative to \(\mu\), one has \(| R(f,Z_N)| \leq Ae^{-bN} \sup_{\Gamma} | f| \) for all polynomials \(f\) of degree \(\leq cN\). On the other hand they prove a converse result to the effect that relatively small Chebyshev quadrature remainders for just one value of \(N\) already imply algebraicity of \(\Gamma\).