On an estimate of Walfisz and Saltykov for an error term related to the Euler function (Q1273187)

The author uses the techniques developed by A. Walfisz for the estimation of the error term \[ \sum_{n \leq x} {\varphi(n) \over n} - {6 \over \pi^2} \cdot x = O((\log x)^{2 \over 3} \cdot (\log \log x)^{4 \over 3}), \] in a simplified version, which comes from exploiting papers of \textit{A. A. Karatsuba} [Tr. Mat. Inst. Steklov 112, 241-255 (1971; Zbl 0226.10037)] and \textit{A. I. Saltykov} [Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. I 15, No. 6, 34-50 (1961; Zbl 0099.03702)]. Thus, the author is able to give [rather] sharp estimates for the remainder terms in the asymptotic formulae for \[ \sum_{n \leq x} \left( {\sigma(n) \over n}\right)^r,\quad \sum_{n\leq x}\left({\varphi(n)\over n}\right)^r,\quad \sum_{n \leq x} \left( {\sigma(n) \over \varphi(n)}\right)^r. \] These results are deduced from the following main results. (1) For any \( \Lambda > 0 \) there is a \( {\mathcal B} \) such that \[ \sum_{p \leq N^{1 \over k}} \exp\left(2\pi i {x \over p^k}\right) \ll N^{1 \over k} \cdot {1 \over (\log N)^\Lambda} \] for large \(N\) and \(x\) satisfying \(\exp ({\mathcal B} t^{2 \over 3} u^{4 \over 3}) \leq x \cdot \exp(-t^b)\), where \(0 <b <1\), \(t = \log x\), \(u= \log \log x \). (2) Under suitable conditions on the multiplicative arithmetical function \( n \mapsto v(n)\), the estimate \[ \sum_{n \leq y} v(n) \cdot \psi \left( {x \over n} \right) =O\left(t^{2(\alpha+1) \over 3} \cdot u^{4(\alpha+1) \over 3}\right) \] holds. Here \( \psi(x) = x - [x] - {1 \over 2}. \) Finally, the author points out that, for the Euler-function \( \varphi \), Saltykov's method does not give a sharper result than Walfisz's method.