Hopf algebra of the planar binary trees (Q1273839)

Let \(k[S_n]\) be the group algebra of the symmetric group \(S_n\) over the field \(k\). The Solomon descent algebra \(Sol_n\) is a subalgebra of dimension \(2^{n-1}\) of \(k[S_n]\), and has a basis \(Q_n\) such that the linear dual of the composite map \(k[Q_n]\simeq Sol_n\to k[S_n]\) is induced by a set-theoretic map \(S_n\to Q_n\). It is known that a graded Hopf algebra structure on \(k[S_\infty]=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}k[S_n]\) can be constructed such that \(Sol_\infty=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}Sol_n\) is a Hopf subalgebra. There is a set \(Y_n\), made of planar binary trees with \(n\) vertices, such that the projection from \(S_n\) to \(Q_n\) is the composite of two maps \(\phi\colon Y_n\to Q_n\) and \(\psi\colon S_n\to Y_n\). The main result of the paper is to show that the graded vector space \(k[Y_\infty]=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}k[Y_n]\) may be equipped with a structure of a graded Hopf algebra such that \(\phi\) and \(\psi\) induce Hopf algebra morphisms.