An algebraic approach to the classification of centers in polynomial Liénard systems (Q1276342)

For the polynomial Liénard system \[ \dot x=y,\;\dot y=-g(x)-yf(x),\tag{1} \] the author extends a result of \textit{L. A. Cherkas} [Differ. Equations 14, 1289-1296 (1978; Zbl 0423.34042)] and get the following two theorems: Theorem 1. Let \[ F(x)=\int^x_0f(\xi)d\xi,\quad G(x)= \int^x_0 g(\xi) d\xi, \] then (1) has a center at \(O(0,0)\), if and only if \(F(x)=\Phi (G(x))\), for some analytic function \(\Phi\), with \(\Phi(0)=0\). Theorem 2. The system (1) has a center at \(O(0,0)\) if and only if there exists a function \(z(x)\) satisfying \[ F(x)=F(z),\;G(x)=G(z),\;z(0)=0,\;z'(0)<0. \] Some interesting applications of these two theorems are obtained, e.g., Theorem 3. There exist polynomial Liénard systems with coexisting center and foci, coexisting centers and fine foci, and coexisting limit cycles and centers.